PMID- 35426555 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20220901 LR - 20220906 IS - 1614-7499 (Electronic) IS - 0944-1344 (Linking) VI - 29 IP - 40 DP - 2022 Aug TI - Integrated approach to evaluate unstable rocky slopes: case study of Aqabat Al-Sulbat road in Aseer Province, Saudi Arabia. PG - 60712-60732 LID - 10.1007/s11356-022-20130-3 [doi] AB - In this applied research work, the risk of rock instability in the Aqabat Al-Sulbat road section located in the north-west area of Aseer Province in Saudi Arabia was evaluated, and the primary natural trigger factors of rock slope instability on further environmental components (rock slope stability, road network, and urban areas) were estimated using satellite images (Landsat8), digital terrain models, and geoprocessing in geographical information systems software (classification, overlapping algorithms and production thematic mapping in Arctoolbox). Additionally, field geotechnical investigations testing and over-coring drilling sampling allowed the characterization of the section of road in terms of geological structure and environmental components (geology, morphology, road network, lineaments, and hydrology). As a result, rock slope instability vulnerability mapping was simulated using satellite imagery and geographical information systems (GIS) and ranking natural trigger factors using the combined fuzzy Delphi analytical hierarchic process with the technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) as multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques. Additionally, many rock layer discontinuity stations were implemented to evaluate rock slope instabilities, and these were visualized using the Dips program and combined with modeling using 3DEC software to predict rock slope failure based on the distinct element method (DEM) at a small scale. Thereafter, safety factors were computed depending on these previous geospatial data. Finally, vulnerability index mapping was combined with rock instability risk mapping for the Aqabat Al-Sulbat road. Within the framework of sustainable development, these results can be used to inform the urban planning of the municipality of Aseer Province. CI - (c) 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. FAU - Khedher, Khaled Mohamed AU - Khedher KM AD - Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia. AD - Department of Civil Engineering, High Institute of Technological Studies, Mrezgua University Campus, 8000, Nabeul, Tunisia. FAU - Yaseen, Zaher Munther AU - Yaseen ZM AD - Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, 43600, Malaysia. zaheryaseen88@gmail.com. AD - New Era and Development in Civil Engineering Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, 64001, Iraq. zaheryaseen88@gmail.com. FAU - Qoradi, Mofareh D AU - Qoradi MD AD - Department of Geography, College of Arts, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia. FAU - El Ouni, Mohamed Hechmi AU - El Ouni MH AD - Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia. AD - Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technologies of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia. FAU - Kahla, Nabil Ben AU - Kahla NB AD - Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia. FAU - Alqadhi, Saeed AU - Alqadhi S AD - Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia. FAU - AlSubih, Majed AU - AlSubih M AD - Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia. FAU - Laatar, Essaied AU - Laatar E AD - Company of Phosphate Gafsa and Mediterranean University, 14-16 Rue Mohamed Badra, Montplaisir, 1073, Tunis, Tunisia. FAU - Elbarbary, Samah AU - Elbarbary S AD - National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics (NRIAG), Helwan, 11421, Cairo, Egypt. FAU - Zaher, Mohamed Abdel AU - Zaher MA AD - National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics (NRIAG), Helwan, 11421, Cairo, Egypt. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20220415 PL - Germany TA - Environ Sci Pollut Res Int JT - Environmental science and pollution research international JID - 9441769 SB - IM MH - *Geographic Information Systems MH - Geology MH - *Satellite Imagery MH - Saudi Arabia OTO - NOTNLM OT - Al-Salbat Road section OT - DEM modeling OT - GIS OT - Landsat8 and DTM OT - MCDM OT - Natural triggered factors EDAT- 2022/04/16 06:00 MHDA- 2022/09/02 06:00 CRDT- 2022/04/15 12:03 PHST- 2021/07/20 00:00 [received] PHST- 2022/04/03 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2022/04/16 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/09/02 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2022/04/15 12:03 [entrez] AID - 10.1007/s11356-022-20130-3 [pii] AID - 10.1007/s11356-022-20130-3 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Aug;29(40):60712-60732. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-20130-3. Epub 2022 Apr 15.