PMID- 35428859
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220419
LR  - 20221113
IS  - 2045-2322 (Electronic)
IS  - 2045-2322 (Linking)
VI  - 12
IP  - 1
DP  - 2022 Apr 15
TI  - Biochemical changes and macrophage polarization of a silane-based endodontic 
      irrigant in an animal model.
PG  - 6354
LID - 10.1038/s41598-022-10290-0 [doi]
LID - 6354
AB  - Silane-based/fully hydrolyzed, endodontic irrigant exhibiting antimicrobial 
      properties, is prepared, and is hypothesized to control macrophage polarization 
      for tissue repair. Albino wistar rats were injected with 0.1 ml root canal 
      irrigant, and bone marrow cells procured. Cellular mitochondria were stained with 
      MitoTracker green along with Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) performed for 
      macrophage extracellular vesicle. Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) were induced 
      for M1 and M2 polarization and Raman spectroscopy with scratch assay performed. 
      Cell counting was used to measure cytotoxicity, and fluorescence microscopy 
      performed for CD163. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate 
      interaction of irrigants with Enterococcus faecalis. K21 specimens exhibited 
      reduction in epithelium thickness and more mitochondrial mass. EVs showed 
      differences between all groups with decrease and increase in IL-6 and IL-10 
      respectively. 0.5%k21 enhanced wound healing with more fibroblastic growth inside 
      scratch analysis along with increased inflammation-related genes (ICAM-1, CXCL10, 
      CXCL11, VCAM-1, CCL2, and CXCL8; tissue remodelling-related genes, collagen 1, 
      EGFR and TIMP-2 in q-PCR analysis. Sharp bands at 1643 cm(-1) existed in all with 
      variable intensities. 0.5%k21 had a survival rate of BMSCs comparable to control 
      group. Bacteria treated with 0.5%k21/1%k21, displayed damage. Antimicrobial and 
      reparative efficacy of k21 disinfectant is a proof of concept for enhanced 
      killing of bacteria across root dentin acquiring functional type M2 polarization 
      for ethnopharmacological effects.
CI  - (c) 2022. The Author(s).
FAU - Daood, Umer
AU  - Daood U
AD  - Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University 
      Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Bukit Jalil, 
      Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. umerdaood@imu.edu.my.
FAU - Ilyas, Muhammad Sharjeel
AU  - Ilyas MS
AD  - Department of Oral Biology, Post Graduate Medical Institute, 6 Birdwood Road, 
      Lahore, Pakistan.
FAU - Ashraf, Mariam
AU  - Ashraf M
AD  - Department of Oral Biology, Post Graduate Medical Institute, 6 Birdwood Road, 
      Lahore, Pakistan.
FAU - Akbar, Munazza
AU  - Akbar M
AD  - Department of Oral Biology, Post Graduate Medical Institute, 6 Birdwood Road, 
      Lahore, Pakistan.
FAU - Bapat, Ranjeet Ajit
AU  - Bapat RA
AD  - Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University 
      Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Bukit Jalil, 
      Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
FAU - Khan, Abdul Samad
AU  - Khan AS
AD  - Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman 
      Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Pichika, Mallikarjuna Rao
AU  - Pichika MR
AD  - Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, 
      Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
FAU - Parolia, Abhishek
AU  - Parolia A
AD  - Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University 
      Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Bukit Jalil, 
      Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
FAU - Seow, Liang Lin
AU  - Seow LL
AD  - Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University 
      Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Bukit Jalil, 
      Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
FAU - Khoo, Suan Phaik
AU  - Khoo SP
AD  - Division of Oral Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, 
      International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
FAU - Yiu, Cynthia
AU  - Yiu C
AD  - Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of 
      Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong 
      SAR, China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20220415
PL  - England
TA  - Sci Rep
JT  - Scientific reports
JID - 101563288
RN  - 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents)
RN  - 0 (Anti-Infective Agents)
RN  - 0 (Root Canal Irrigants)
RN  - 0 (Silanes)
RN  - DY38VHM5OD (Sodium Hypochlorite)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
MH  - *Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology
MH  - Biofilms
MH  - Dentin
MH  - Enterococcus faecalis
MH  - Macrophages
MH  - Models, Animal
MH  - Root Canal Irrigants/pharmacology
MH  - *Silanes/pharmacology
MH  - Sodium Hypochlorite/pharmacology
PMC - PMC9012771
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the 
      design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in 
      the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.
EDAT- 2022/04/17 06:00
MHDA- 2022/04/20 06:00
PMCR- 2022/04/15
CRDT- 2022/04/16 05:22
PHST- 2021/10/13 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/03/21 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/04/17 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/04/20 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/04/16 05:22 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/04/15 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1038/s41598-022-10290-0 [pii]
AID - 10290 [pii]
AID - 10.1038/s41598-022-10290-0 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Sci Rep. 2022 Apr 15;12(1):6354. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-10290-0.