PMID- 35433869
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220503
IS  - 2297-055X (Print)
IS  - 2297-055X (Electronic)
IS  - 2297-055X (Linking)
VI  - 9
DP  - 2022
TI  - Establishment of Reference Interval and Aging Model of Homocysteine Using 
      Real-World Data.
PG  - 846685
LID - 10.3389/fcvm.2022.846685 [doi]
LID - 846685
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The level of Homocysteine (Hcy) in males is generally higher than that 
      of females, but the same reference interval (RI) is often used in clinical 
      practice. This study aims to establish a sex-specific RI of Hcy using five data 
      mining algorithms and compare these results. Furthermore, age-related continuous 
      RI was established in order to show the relationship between Hcy concentration 
      distribution and age. METHODS: A total of 20,801 individuals were included in the 
      study and Tukey method was used to identify outliers in subgroups by sex and age. 
      Multiple linear regression and standard deviation ratio (SDR) was used to 
      determine whether the RI for Hcy needs to be divided by sex and age. Five 
      algorithms including Hoffmann, Bhattacharya, expectation maximization (EM), 
      kosmic and refineR were utilized to establish the RI of Hcy. Generalized Additive 
      Models for Location Scale and Shape (GAMLSS) algorithm was used to determine the 
      aging model of Hcy and calculate the age-related continuous RI. RESULTS: RI of 
      Hcy needed to be partitioned by sex (SDR = 0.735 > 0.375). RIs established by 
      Hoffmann, Bhattacharya, EM (for females) and kosmic are all within the 95% CI of 
      reference limits established by refine R. The Sex-specific aging model of Hcy 
      showed that the upper limits of the RI of Hcy declined with age beginning at age 
      of 18 and began to rise approximately after age of 40 for females and increased 
      with age for males. CONCLUSION: The RI of Hcy needs to be partitioned by sex. The 
      RIs established by the five data mining algorithms showed good consistency. The 
      dynamic sex and age-specific model of Hcy showed the pattern of Hcy concentration 
      with age and provide more personalized tools for clinical decisions.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2022 Ma, Li, Wang, Hou, Xia, Yin, Cheng and Qiu.
FAU - Ma, Chaochao
AU  - Ma C
AD  - Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking 
      Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
FAU - Li, Lei
AU  - Li L
AD  - Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking 
      Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
FAU - Wang, Xinlu
AU  - Wang X
AD  - Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Public Health College, Nanchang 
      University, Nanchang, China.
FAU - Hou, Li'an
AU  - Hou L
AD  - Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking 
      Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
FAU - Xia, Liangyu
AU  - Xia L
AD  - Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking 
      Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
FAU - Yin, Yicong
AU  - Yin Y
AD  - Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking 
      Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
FAU - Cheng, Xinqi
AU  - Cheng X
AD  - Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking 
      Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
FAU - Qiu, Ling
AU  - Qiu L
AD  - Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking 
      Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical 
      College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical 
      Sciences, Beijing, China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220330
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Cardiovasc Med
JT  - Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine
JID - 101653388
PMC - PMC9005842
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - GAMLSS algorithm
OT  - aging model
OT  - big data mining
OT  - homocysteine
OT  - reference interval
COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any 
      commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential 
      conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/04/19 06:00
MHDA- 2022/04/19 06:01
PMCR- 2022/01/01
CRDT- 2022/04/18 06:39
PHST- 2021/12/31 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/03/02 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/04/18 06:39 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/04/19 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/04/19 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fcvm.2022.846685 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022 Mar 30;9:846685. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.846685. 
      eCollection 2022.