PMID- 35433940 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20220716 IS - 2305-5839 (Print) IS - 2305-5847 (Electronic) IS - 2305-5839 (Linking) VI - 10 IP - 6 DP - 2022 Mar TI - Crosstalk between the gut microbiome and clinical response in locally advanced thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma during neoadjuvant camrelizumab and chemotherapy. PG - 325 LID - 10.21037/atm-22-1165 [doi] LID - 325 AB - BACKGROUND: The gut microbiome is associated with the response to immunotherapy in a variety of advanced cancers. However, the influence of the gut microbiome on locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) during programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) antibody immunotherapy plus chemotherapy is not clearly demonstrated. To explore the crosstalk between the gut microbiome and clinical response in locally advanced thoracic ESCC during neoadjuvant camrelizumab and chemotherapy. METHODS: Patients who were diagnosed with locally advanced thoracic ESCC and had not received treatment were enrolled. The treatment regimen was two cycles of camrelizumab combined with carboplatin and albumin paclitaxel before surgery. The research endpoints were pathological complete response (pCR) and major pathological response (MPR). Fecal samples were collected at three time points: before neoadjuvant therapy, after two cycles of neoadjuvant therapy, and after surgery. We performed 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) V3-V4 sequencing of the gene amplicons of fecal samples, as well as bacterial diversity and differential abundance analyses. RESULTS: A total of 46 patients were recruited, and 44, 42, and 35 fecal samples were collected at the three time points, respectively. Statistically significant differences were observed in the amplicon sequence variant (ASV)-level alpha diversity indices, including Chao1, Shannon, and Good's coverage, between the three time points. The non-pCR-enriched gut microbiota included Proteobacteria, Dialister, Aeromonadales, Pseudomonadales, Thermi, Deinococci, Moraxellaceae, Rhodocyclales, Rhodocyclaceae, and Acinetobacter. The non-MPR-enriched gut microbiota included Pseudomonadales and the mitochondria family. The MPR-enriched gut microbiota included the Barnesiellaceae, Pyramidobacter, Dethiosulfovibrionaceae, Odoribacteraceae, Butyricimonas, Prevotella, Barnesiella, and Odoribacter. Patients with >/=3 grade adverse events (AEs) exhibited enrichment in the Succiniclasticum, Nakamurella, Rhizobium, Granulicella, Phyllobacteriaceae, Pelagibacteraceae, Actinosynnemataceae, Aquirestis, Flavisolibacter, Chelativorans, Coxiellaceae Acidicapsa, Acidobacteriaceae, Lentzea, Staphylococcus, Plesiomonas, Dysgonomonas, Pseudonocardia, and Ellin6075. CONCLUSIONS: We found that the diversity of the gut microbiome declined after neoadjuvant PD-1 antibody immunotherapy plus chemotherapy and surgery. Patients with pCR had different types and proportions of gut microbiota before treatment compared to those without pCR. We also observed the difference between patients with or without >/= grade 3 AEs. The taxonomic features of the gut microbiome are potential biomarkers that could predict the pathological response and AEs. CI - 2022 Annals of Translational Medicine. All rights reserved. FAU - Xu, Liwei AU - Xu L AD - Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Key Laboratory of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China. FAU - Qi, Yajun AU - Qi Y AD - Department of Pharmacy, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China. FAU - Jiang, Youhua AU - Jiang Y AD - Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Key Laboratory of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China. FAU - Ji, Yongling AU - Ji Y AD - Department of Thoracic Radiotherapy, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China. FAU - Zhao, Qiang AU - Zhao Q AD - Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Key Laboratory of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China. FAU - Wu, Jie AU - Wu J AD - Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Key Laboratory of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China. FAU - Lu, Weishan AU - Lu W AD - Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Key Laboratory of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China. FAU - Wang, Yinjie AU - Wang Y AD - Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Key Laboratory of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China. FAU - Chen, Qixun AU - Chen Q AD - Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Key Laboratory of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China. FAU - Wang, Changchun AU - Wang C AD - Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Key Laboratory of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - China TA - Ann Transl Med JT - Annals of translational medicine JID - 101617978 PMC - PMC9011252 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Gut microbiome OT - esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) OT - immunotherapy OT - neoadjuvant therapy COIS- Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at https://atm.amegroups.com/article/view/10.21037/atm-22-1165/coif). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. EDAT- 2022/04/19 06:00 MHDA- 2022/04/19 06:01 PMCR- 2022/03/01 CRDT- 2022/04/18 06:40 PHST- 2022/02/14 00:00 [received] PHST- 2022/03/18 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2022/04/18 06:40 [entrez] PHST- 2022/04/19 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/04/19 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2022/03/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - atm-10-06-325 [pii] AID - 10.21037/atm-22-1165 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Ann Transl Med. 2022 Mar;10(6):325. doi: 10.21037/atm-22-1165.