PMID- 35454311
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220426
LR  - 20220716
IS  - 1648-9144 (Electronic)
IS  - 1010-660X (Print)
IS  - 1010-660X (Linking)
VI  - 58
IP  - 4
DP  - 2022 Mar 25
TI  - Recent Advances in the Treatment of Insulin Resistance Targeting Molecular and 
      Metabolic Pathways: Fighting a Losing Battle?
LID - 10.3390/medicina58040472 [doi]
LID - 472
AB  - Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is amongst the most notable causes of years of life lost 
      worldwide and its prevalence increases perpetually. The disease is characterized 
      as multisystemic dysfunctions attributed to hyperglycemia resulting directly from 
      insulin resistance (IR), inadequate insulin secretion, or enormous glucagon 
      secretion. Insulin is a highly anabolic peptide hormone that regulates blood 
      glucose levels by hastening cellular glucose uptake as well as controlling 
      carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism. In the course of Type 2 Diabetes 
      Mellitus (T2DM), which accounts for nearly 90% of all cases of diabetes, the 
      insulin response is inadequate, and this condition is defined as Insulin 
      Resistance. IR sequela include, but are not limited to, hyperglycemia, 
      cardiovascular system impairment, chronic inflammation, disbalance in oxidative 
      stress status, and metabolic syndrome occurrence. Despite the substantial 
      progress in understanding the molecular and metabolic pathways accounting for 
      injurious effects of IR towards multiple body organs, IR still is recognized as a 
      ferocious enigma. The number of widely available therapeutic approaches is 
      growing, however, the demand for precise, safe, and effective therapy is also 
      increasing. A literature search was carried out using the MEDLINE/PubMed, Google 
      Scholar, SCOPUS and Clinical Trials Registry databases with a combination of 
      keywords and MeSH terms, and papers published from February 2021 to March 2022 
      were selected as recently published papers. This review paper aims to provide 
      critical, concise, but comprehensive insights into the advances in the treatment 
      of IR that were achieved in the last months.
FAU - Wolosowicz, Marta
AU  - Wolosowicz M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9856-5127
AD  - Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, 
      Poland.
FAU - Prokopiuk, Slawomir
AU  - Prokopiuk S
AD  - Faculty of Health Sciences, Lomza State University of Applied Sciences, 18-400 
      Lomza, Poland.
FAU - Kaminski, Tomasz W
AU  - Kaminski TW
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8688-4171
AD  - Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine 
      Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20220325
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Medicina (Kaunas)
JT  - Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)
JID - 9425208
RN  - 0 (Insulin)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Hyperglycemia/drug therapy
MH  - Insulin/metabolism
MH  - *Insulin Resistance
MH  - Metabolic Networks and Pathways
PMC - PMC9029454
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - glucose metabolism
OT  - insulin resistance
OT  - metabolic syndrome
OT  - obesity
OT  - type 2 diabetes
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/04/24 06:00
MHDA- 2022/04/27 06:00
PMCR- 2022/03/25
CRDT- 2022/04/23 01:03
PHST- 2022/02/12 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/03/19 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/03/23 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/04/23 01:03 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/04/24 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/04/27 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/03/25 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - medicina58040472 [pii]
AID - medicina-58-00472 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/medicina58040472 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Medicina (Kaunas). 2022 Mar 25;58(4):472. doi: 10.3390/medicina58040472.