PMID- 35455055
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220716
IS  - 2075-1729 (Print)
IS  - 2075-1729 (Electronic)
IS  - 2075-1729 (Linking)
VI  - 12
IP  - 4
DP  - 2022 Apr 10
TI  - Insulin Resistance Is Cheerfully Hitched with Hypertension.
LID - 10.3390/life12040564 [doi]
LID - 564
AB  - Cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have risen steadily 
      worldwide, particularly in low-income and developing countries. In the last 
      hundred years, deaths caused by cardiovascular diseases increased rapidly to 
      35-40%, becoming the most common cause of mortality worldwide. Cardiovascular 
      disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in type 2 diabetes 
      mellitus (T2DM), which is aggravated by hypertension. Hypertension and diabetes 
      are closely interlinked since they have similar risk factors such as endothelial 
      dysfunction, vascular inflammation, arterial remodeling, atherosclerosis, 
      dyslipidemia, and obesity. Patients with high blood pressure often show insulin 
      resistance and have a higher risk of developing diabetes than normotensive 
      individuals. It has been observed that over the last 30 years, the prevalence of 
      insulin resistance (IR) has increased significantly. Accordingly, hypertension 
      and insulin resistance are strongly related to an increased risk of impaired 
      glucose tolerance, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and endocrine 
      disorders. Common mechanisms, for instance, upregulation of the 
      renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, oxidative stress, inflammation, and 
      activation of the immune system, possibly have a role in the association between 
      diabetes and hypertension. Altogether these abnormalities significantly increase 
      the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
FAU - Sinha, Susmita
AU  - Sinha S
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3591-1109
AD  - Department of Physiology, Khulna City Medical College and Hospital, 33 KDA 
      Avenue, Hotel Royal Mor, Khulna Sadar, Khulna 9100, Bangladesh.
FAU - Haque, Mainul
AU  - Haque M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6124-7993
AD  - The Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti 
      Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (National Defence University of Malaysia), Kem 
      Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20220410
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Life (Basel)
JT  - Life (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 101580444
PMC - PMC9028820
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - endothelial dysfunction
OT  - high blood pressure
OT  - resistance to insulin action
OT  - type 2 diabetes
COIS- The authors declare that they do not have any financial involvement or 
      affiliations with any organization, association, or entity directly or indirectly 
      with the subject matter or materials presented in this article. This includes 
      honoraria, expert testimony, employment, ownership of stocks or options, patents 
      or grants received or pending, or royalties.
EDAT- 2022/04/24 06:00
MHDA- 2022/04/24 06:01
PMCR- 2022/04/10
CRDT- 2022/04/23 01:05
PHST- 2022/03/15 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/04/08 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/04/08 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/04/23 01:05 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/04/24 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/04/24 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/04/10 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - life12040564 [pii]
AID - life-12-00564 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/life12040564 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Life (Basel). 2022 Apr 10;12(4):564. doi: 10.3390/life12040564.