PMID- 35455096
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220716
IS  - 2075-1729 (Print)
IS  - 2075-1729 (Electronic)
IS  - 2075-1729 (Linking)
VI  - 12
IP  - 4
DP  - 2022 Apr 18
TI  - Therapeutic Strategies and Potential Actions of Female Sex Steroid Hormones and 
      Their Receptors in Colon Cancer Based on Preclinical Studies.
LID - 10.3390/life12040605 [doi]
LID - 605
AB  - Several epidemiological studies have reported that the use of female sex steroid 
      hormones could reduce the risk of colon cancer (CRC). This review summarizes the 
      available data related to estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) single and dual 
      treatments in CRC male and female in vitro and in vivo models, mainly from 
      preclinical studies, alongside their potential molecular mechanisms. Most of the 
      studies showed that E2 exogenous treatment and/or reactivation of its beta 
      receptor (ERbeta) significantly inhibited cell proliferation, induced cell cycle 
      arrest, and promoted apoptosis by modulating several molecular pathways. 
      Likewise, the inhibition of ERalpha receptors produced similar antitumorigenic 
      actions, both in vivo and in vitro, suggesting that E2 could have dual opposing 
      roles in CRC that are dependent on the expression profile of its nuclear 
      receptors. The available studies on P4 are scarce, and the results revealed that 
      in vitro and in vivo treatments with natural and synthetic progesterone were also 
      associated with promising tumoricidal actions. Nevertheless, the combination of 
      E2 with P4 showed enhanced anticancer activities compared with their monotherapy 
      protocols in male-female cell lines and animals. Collectively, the studies 
      suggested that the female sex steroid hormones could provide a novel and 
      effective therapeutic strategy against CRC.
FAU - Mahbub, Amani A
AU  - Mahbub AA
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2577-1923
AD  - Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura 
      University, P.O. Box 715, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia.
LA  - eng
GR  - 19-MED-1-03-0007/Deanship of Scientific Research at Umm Al-Qura University/
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20220418
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Life (Basel)
JT  - Life (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 101580444
PMC - PMC9032023
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - colon cancer
OT  - estradiol
OT  - estrogen
OT  - estrogen receptor
OT  - female sex steroid hormones
OT  - progesterone
OT  - progesterone receptor
COIS- The author declares no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/04/24 06:00
MHDA- 2022/04/24 06:01
PMCR- 2022/04/18
CRDT- 2022/04/23 01:05
PHST- 2022/03/16 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/04/09 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/04/14 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/04/23 01:05 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/04/24 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/04/24 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/04/18 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - life12040605 [pii]
AID - life-12-00605 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/life12040605 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Life (Basel). 2022 Apr 18;12(4):605. doi: 10.3390/life12040605.