PMID- 35456966
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220426
LR  - 20220716
IS  - 1422-0067 (Electronic)
IS  - 1422-0067 (Linking)
VI  - 23
IP  - 8
DP  - 2022 Apr 8
TI  - Biomarker of Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease.
LID - 10.3390/ijms23084148 [doi]
LID - 4148
AB  - Parkinson's disease (PD) is caused by abnormal accumulation of alpha-synuclein in 
      dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra, which subsequently causes motor 
      symptoms. Neuroinflammation plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of 
      neurodegeneration in PD. This neuroinflammatory neurodegeneration involves the 
      activation of microglia, upregulation of proinflammatory factors, and gut 
      microbiota. In this review, we summarized the recent findings on detection of PD 
      by using inflammatory biomarkers, such as interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, 
      tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha; regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed 
      and presumably secreted (RANTES) and high-sensitivity c-reactive protein (hsCRP); 
      and radiotracers such as [11C]PK11195 and [18F]-FEPPA, as well as by monitoring 
      disease progression and the treatment response. Many PD-causing mutations in 
      SNCA, LRRK2, PRKN, PINK1, and DJ-1 are also associated with neuroinflammation. 
      Several anti-inflammatory medications, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory 
      drugs (NSAID), inhibitors of TNF-alpha and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 
      (NLRP3), agonists of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), 
      peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma), and steroids, have 
      demonstrated neuroprotective effects in in vivo or in vitro PD models. Clinical 
      trials applying objective biomarkers are required to investigate the therapeutic 
      potential of anti-inflammatory medications for PD.
FAU - Liu, Tsai-Wei
AU  - Liu TW
AD  - Linkou Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 
      Tauoyan 333, Taiwan.
FAU - Chen, Chiung-Mei
AU  - Chen CM
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0769-0353
AD  - Linkou Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 
      Tauoyan 333, Taiwan.
AD  - School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
FAU - Chang, Kuo-Hsuan
AU  - Chang KH
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4972-9823
AD  - Linkou Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 
      Tauoyan 333, Taiwan.
AD  - School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20220408
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Int J Mol Sci
JT  - International journal of molecular sciences
JID - 101092791
RN  - 0 (Anti-Inflammatory Agents)
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - 0 (NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
MH  - Biomarkers/metabolism
MH  - Disease Models, Animal
MH  - Dopaminergic Neurons/metabolism
MH  - Humans
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred C57BL
MH  - Microglia/metabolism
MH  - NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/metabolism
MH  - Neuroinflammatory Diseases
MH  - *Parkinson Disease/metabolism
PMC - PMC9028544
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - IL-10
OT  - IL-2
OT  - IL-6
OT  - Parkinson's disease
OT  - Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha
OT  - biomarker
OT  - high-sensitivity c-reactive protein (hsCRP)
OT  - inflammation
OT  - interleukin (IL)-1beta
OT  - microglia
OT  - normal T cell expressed and presumably secreted (RANTES)
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/04/24 06:00
MHDA- 2022/04/27 06:00
PMCR- 2022/04/08
CRDT- 2022/04/23 01:10
PHST- 2022/02/26 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/04/02 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/04/05 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/04/23 01:10 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/04/24 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/04/27 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/04/08 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ijms23084148 [pii]
AID - ijms-23-04148 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ijms23084148 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Apr 8;23(8):4148. doi: 10.3390/ijms23084148.