PMID- 35460701
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220628
LR  - 20220726
IS  - 1097-6833 (Electronic)
IS  - 0022-3476 (Linking)
VI  - 246
DP  - 2022 Jul
TI  - Association of Early Life Prescriptions for Antibiotics and Acid Suppressants 
      with Childhood Psychotropic Prescriptions.
PG  - 191-198.e4
LID - S0022-3476(22)00345-6 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.04.030 [doi]
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between antibiotic and acid suppressant 
      prescriptions in the first 2 years of life and subsequent treatment for childhood 
      psychiatric disorders. STUDY DESIGN: This was a retrospective cohort study of 
      children born between October 2001 and September 2012 in the Military Health 
      System enrolled in TRICARE past age 2 years and within 35 days of birth, with an 
      initial hospital stay <7 days, and without psychotropic agents dispensed during 
      the first 2 years of life. Exposure was defined as a filled prescription for an 
      antibiotic or acid suppressant before age 2 years, and the outcome was defined as 
      a filled prescription for a psychotropic agent after age 2 years. RESULTS: For 
      the 804 920 patients (51% males and 49% female) composing the study population, 
      the mean age at first psychotropic prescription was 6.8 years. A total of 24 176 
      children (3%) were prescribed a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), 79 243 (10%) were 
      prescribed a histamine-2 receptor antagonist (H2RA), and 607 348 (76%) were 
      prescribed an antibiotic during the first 2 years of life. The adjusted hazard 
      ratio (aHR) of a psychotropic prescription was significantly increased in 
      children prescribed any H2RA (1.79; 95% CI, 1.63-1.96), PPI (1.47; 95% CI, 
      1.26-1.71), or antibiotic (1.71; 95% CI, 1.59-1.84). The aHR of psychotropic 
      prescriptions increased commensurately with each additional antibiotic class 
      added and with each additional class of medication (H2RA, PPI, or antibiotics) 
      prescribed. CONCLUSIONS: Children prescribed antibiotic and acid suppressants in 
      the first 2 years of life have a significant increase in future prescriptions for 
      psychotropics, with a dose-related effect observed. This association represents a 
      potential risk of early exposure to antibiotics and acid suppressants.
CI  - Published by Elsevier Inc.
FAU - Stark, Christopher M
AU  - Stark CM
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, William Beaumont Army Medical Center, El Paso, TX; 
      Department of Pediatrics, F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services 
      University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD. Electronic address: 
      chrismylestark@gmail.com.
FAU - Susi, Apryl
AU  - Susi A
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services 
      University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD.
FAU - Nierenberg, Andrew A
AU  - Nierenberg AA
AD  - Dauten Family Center for Bipolar Treatment Innovation, Department of Psychiatry, 
      Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
FAU - Nylund, Cade M
AU  - Nylund CM
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services 
      University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220420
PL  - United States
TA  - J Pediatr
JT  - The Journal of pediatrics
JID - 0375410
RN  - 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents)
RN  - 0 (Histamine H2 Antagonists)
RN  - 0 (Proton Pump Inhibitors)
RN  - 0 (Psychotropic Drugs)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
MH  - Child
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - Female
MH  - *Histamine H2 Antagonists/therapeutic use
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Prescriptions
MH  - Proton Pump Inhibitors/therapeutic use
MH  - Psychotropic Drugs/therapeutic use
MH  - Retrospective Studies
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - H2RA
OT  - PPI
OT  - antibiotic
OT  - antidepressant
OT  - antipsychotic
OT  - histamine H2 receptor antagonist
OT  - microbiome
OT  - microbiota
OT  - proton pump inhibitor
OT  - stimulant
EDAT- 2022/04/24 06:00
MHDA- 2022/06/29 06:00
CRDT- 2022/04/23 20:09
PHST- 2021/11/14 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/03/18 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/04/15 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/04/24 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/06/29 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/04/23 20:09 [entrez]
AID - S0022-3476(22)00345-6 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.04.030 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Pediatr. 2022 Jul;246:191-198.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.04.030. Epub 2022 
      Apr 20.