PMID- 35460774
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220608
LR  - 20231213
IS  - 1879-1026 (Electronic)
IS  - 0048-9697 (Print)
IS  - 0048-9697 (Linking)
VI  - 834
DP  - 2022 Aug 15
TI  - In-utero exposure to indoor air pollution or tobacco smoke and cognitive 
      development in a South African birth cohort study.
PG  - 155394
LID - S0048-9697(22)02487-1 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155394 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND AND AIMS: There is increasing evidence indicating that air pollution 
      exposure is associated with neuronal damage. Since pregnancy is a critical window 
      of vulnerability, air pollution exposure during this period could have adverse 
      effects on neurodevelopment. This study aims 1) to analyze associations of 
      prenatal exposure to indoor air pollution (particulate matter with diameters </=10 
      mum, PM(10)) and tobacco smoke with neurodevelopment and 2) to determine whether 
      these associations are mediated by deviations of epigenetic gestational age from 
      chronological gestational age (DeltaGA). METHODS: Data of 734 children from the South 
      African Drakenstein Child Health Study were analyzed. Prenatal PM(10) exposure 
      was measured using devices placed in the families' homes. Maternal smoking during 
      pregnancy was determined by maternal urine cotinine measures. The Bayley Scales 
      of Infant and Toddler Development III (BSID-III) was used to measure cognition, 
      language and motor development and adaptive behavior at two years of age. Linear 
      regression models adjusted for maternal age, gestational age, sex of child, 
      ancestry, birth weight/length, and socioeconomic status were used to explore 
      associations between air pollutants and BSID-III scores. A mediation analysis was 
      conducted to analyze if these associations were mediated by DeltaGA using DNA 
      methylation measurements from cord blood. RESULTS: An increase of one 
      interquartile range in natural-log transformed PM(10) (lnPM(10); 1.58 mug/m(3)) 
      was significantly associated with lower composite scores in cognition, language, 
      and adaptive behavior sub-scores (composite score beta-estimate [95%-confidence 
      interval]: -0.950 [-1.821, -0.120]). Maternal smoking was significantly 
      associated with lower adaptive behavior scores (-3.386 [-5.632, -1.139]). 
      Associations were not significantly mediated by DeltaGA (e.g., for PM(10) and 
      cognition, proportion mediated [p-value]: 4% [0.52]). CONCLUSION: We found an 
      association of prenatal exposure to indoor air pollution (PM(10)) and tobacco 
      smoke on neurodevelopment at two years of age, particularly cognition, language, 
      and adaptive behavior. Further research is needed to understand underlying 
      biological mediators.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Christensen, Grace M
AU  - Christensen GM
AD  - Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 
      Atlanta, GA, USA.
FAU - Rowcliffe, Claire
AU  - Rowcliffe C
AD  - Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 
      Atlanta, GA, USA.
FAU - Chen, Junyu
AU  - Chen J
AD  - Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 
      Atlanta, GA, USA.
FAU - Vanker, Aneesa
AU  - Vanker A
AD  - Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's 
      Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
FAU - Koen, Nastassja
AU  - Koen N
AD  - Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; 
      Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 
      South Africa; South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Unit on Risk and 
      Resilience in Mental Disorders, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
FAU - Jones, Meaghan J
AU  - Jones MJ
AD  - Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, 
      Children's Hospital Research, Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
FAU - Gladish, Nicole
AU  - Gladish N
AD  - Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, 
      Canada; BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Centre 
      for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
FAU - Hoffman, Nadia
AU  - Hoffman N
AD  - Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; 
      Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 
      South Africa.
FAU - Donald, Kirsten A
AU  - Donald KA
AD  - Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's 
      Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Neuroscience Institute, 
      University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
FAU - Wedderburn, Catherine J
AU  - Wedderburn CJ
AD  - Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's 
      Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Neuroscience Institute, 
      University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Clinical 
      Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
FAU - Kobor, Michael S
AU  - Kobor MS
AD  - Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, 
      Canada; BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Centre 
      for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
FAU - Zar, Heather J
AU  - Zar HJ
AD  - Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's 
      Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; South African Medical Research 
      Council (SAMRC) Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, University of 
      Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
FAU - Stein, Dan J
AU  - Stein DJ
AD  - Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; 
      Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 
      South Africa; South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Unit on Risk and 
      Resilience in Mental Disorders, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
FAU - Huls, Anke
AU  - Huls A
AD  - Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 
      Atlanta, GA, USA; Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of 
      Public Health, Emory University, USA. Electronic address: anke.huels@emory.edu.
LA  - eng
GR  - WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom
GR  - P30 ES019776/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R21 HD085849/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
GR  - T32 ES012870/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220420
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Sci Total Environ
JT  - The Science of the total environment
JID - 0330500
RN  - 0 (Air Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Particulate Matter)
RN  - 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Air Pollutants/analysis
MH  - *Air Pollution/analysis
MH  - *Air Pollution, Indoor/adverse effects/analysis
MH  - Birth Cohort
MH  - Cognition
MH  - Cohort Studies
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Infant
MH  - Maternal Exposure
MH  - Particulate Matter/analysis
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - *Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/chemically induced/epidemiology
MH  - South Africa
MH  - Nicotiana
MH  - *Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects/analysis
PMC - PMC9177804
MID - NIHMS1807601
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Air pollution
OT  - Environmental epidemiology
OT  - Epigenomics
OT  - Neurodevelopment
OT  - Particulate matter
COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2022/04/24 06:00
MHDA- 2022/06/09 06:00
PMCR- 2023/08/15
CRDT- 2022/04/23 20:09
PHST- 2022/01/05 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/04/15 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/04/15 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/04/24 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/06/09 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/04/23 20:09 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/08/15 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S0048-9697(22)02487-1 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155394 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Sci Total Environ. 2022 Aug 15;834:155394. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155394. 
      Epub 2022 Apr 20.