PMID- 35477558 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20220429 LR - 20220501 IS - 1756-3305 (Electronic) IS - 1756-3305 (Linking) VI - 15 IP - 1 DP - 2022 Apr 27 TI - Toxoplasma gondii infection as a risk factor for osteoporosis: a case-control study. PG - 151 LID - 10.1186/s13071-022-05257-z [doi] LID - 151 AB - BACKGROUND: More than one-third of the total world population is infected by Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii). T. gondii has been linked to various diseases, such as cancer, mental disorders, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), etc. However, the effects of T. gondii infection on the risk of osteoporosis are unclear. Our study aimed to uncover evidence to determine whether patients exposed to T. gondii have an increased or decreased risk of osteoporosis in people with abnormal bone mineral density (BMD) by using case-control study. METHODS: A total of 729 patients, including 316 osteopenia and 413 osteoporosis patients of Han Chinese ancestry were selected in the study. Their blood samples were collected and the levels of specific IgG antibodies against T. gondii were measured using ELISA assay. We obtained some information about the patients from the medical record that included demographic indexes and clinical data. A logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the effects of T. gondii infection on femur osteoporosis, lumbar osteoporosis and compound osteoporosis. Potential interaction was analyzed using multifactor dimensionality reduction software 1.0.0 (MDR 1.0.0). RESULTS: 113 positive patients with T. gondii infections have been detected, including 80 cases of osteoporosis and 33 cases of osteopenia, the infection rates of T. gondii were 19.37% (80/413) and 10.44% (33/316), respectively. The patients with T.gondii infections were at a 2.60 times higher risk of suffering from compound osteoporosis than those without T. gondii infections (OR = 2.60, 95% CI 1.54-4.39, P < 0.001), but not associated with femur osteoporosis (OR = 1.01, 95% CI 0.43-2.34, P = 0.989) and lumbar osteoporosis (OR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.34-2.07, P = 0.705) after adjusting for the covariates. Moreover, a significantly higher risk of compound osteoporosis in the individuals with all two factors (T. gondii infection, Female) was observed compared with reference group (without T. gondii infection, male) under the interaction model (OR = 11.44, 95%CI = 5.44-24.05, P < 0.001). And the individuals with all two factors (T. gondii infection, over 70 years) exhibited a 8.14-fold higher possibility of developing compound osteoporosis compared with reference group (without T. gondii infection, under 70 years) (OR = 8.14, 95% CI 3.91-16.93, P < 0.001). We further stratified by age and sex, and found that women with T. gondii infection was more likely to develop compound osteoporosis than those without infection(OR = 3.12, 95% CI 1.67-5.81, P < 0.001), but we not found the association between T. gondii infection and compound osteoporosis in males (OR = 1.36, 95% CI 0.37-4.94, P = 0.645). CONCLUSIONS: T. gondii infection is a risk factor for osteoporosis, especially compound osteoporosis. Meanwhile, it is very necessary for patients with osteoporosis to further diagnose and treat T. gondii infection, especially women. CI - (c) 2022. The Author(s). FAU - Zhu, Kehui AU - Zhu K AD - Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China. AD - Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China. FAU - Liu, Kun AU - Liu K AD - Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China. AD - Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No.601 Huangpu Road West, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China. FAU - Huang, Junsi AU - Huang J AD - Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China. AD - Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No.601 Huangpu Road West, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China. FAU - Weng, Xueqiong AU - Weng X AD - Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No.601 Huangpu Road West, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China. FAU - Chen, Qiaoyun AU - Chen Q AD - Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China. AD - Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No.601 Huangpu Road West, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China. FAU - Gao, Tianyu AU - Gao T AD - Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China. AD - Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No.601 Huangpu Road West, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China. FAU - Chen, Kebing AU - Chen K AD - Department of Spine Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China. FAU - Jing, Chunxia AU - Jing C AD - Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No.601 Huangpu Road West, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China. FAU - Wang, Jing AU - Wang J AD - Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China. twjing@jnu.edu.cn. FAU - Yang, Guang AU - Yang G AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1688-515X AD - Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China. tyangguang@email.jnu.edu.cn. LA - eng GR - 2021YFC2301500/National Key Research and Development Program of China/ GR - 91543132/National Natural Science Foundation of China/ GR - 2016A030313089/Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province/ PT - Journal Article DEP - 20220427 PL - England TA - Parasit Vectors JT - Parasites & vectors JID - 101462774 SB - IM MH - *Bone Diseases, Metabolic/epidemiology MH - Case-Control Studies MH - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - *Osteoporosis/epidemiology/etiology MH - Risk Factors MH - *Toxoplasma MH - *Toxoplasmosis/complications/epidemiology PMC - PMC9044867 OTO - NOTNLM OT - IgG OT - Infection OT - Osteoporosis OT - T. gondii COIS- The authors declare that they have no conflict of interests. EDAT- 2022/04/29 06:00 MHDA- 2022/04/30 06:00 PMCR- 2022/04/27 CRDT- 2022/04/28 05:18 PHST- 2022/01/15 00:00 [received] PHST- 2022/03/29 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2022/04/28 05:18 [entrez] PHST- 2022/04/29 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/04/30 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2022/04/27 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1186/s13071-022-05257-z [pii] AID - 5257 [pii] AID - 10.1186/s13071-022-05257-z [doi] PST - epublish SO - Parasit Vectors. 2022 Apr 27;15(1):151. doi: 10.1186/s13071-022-05257-z.