PMID- 35479311
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220716
IS  - 1663-9812 (Print)
IS  - 1663-9812 (Electronic)
IS  - 1663-9812 (Linking)
VI  - 13
DP  - 2022
TI  - Evaluation of Wound Healing and Antibacterial Potential of Greyia radlkoferi 
      Szyszyl. Ethanolic Leaf Extract.
PG  - 806285
LID - 10.3389/fphar.2022.806285 [doi]
LID - 806285
AB  - Angiogenesis is an essential mechanism in both physiological and pathological 
      functions, such as wound healing and cancer metastasis. Several growth factors 
      mediate angiogenesis, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and 
      platelet derived growth factor (PDGF). This study evaluated the potential wound 
      healing activity of Greyia radlkoferi Szyszyl (GR) and its effect on growth 
      factors regulating angiogenesis. The ethanolic leaf extract of GR was evaluated 
      for antibacterial activity against wound associated bacteria; Staphylococcus 
      aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It exhibited antibacterial activity against 
      two strains of S. aureus (ATCC 25293 and ATCC 6538) displaying a minimum 
      inhibitory concentration (MIC) at 250 and 500 mug/ml, respectively. The 
      antioxidant activity of the extract was investigated for nitric oxide (NO) 
      scavenging activity and showed a fifty percent inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) 
      of 1266.5 +/- 243.95 mug/ml. The extract was further investigated to determine its 
      effect on the proliferation and modulation of growth factors secreted by human 
      keratinocytes (HaCaT). Its effect on wound closure was evaluated using the 
      scratch assay, where non-toxic concentrations were tested, as determined by the 
      antiproliferative assay against HaCat cells (IC(50) > 400 mug/ml). Results showed 
      that the extract significantly inhibited wound closure, with a percentage closure 
      of 60.15 +/- 1.41% (p < 0.05) and 49.52 +/- 1.43% (p < 0.01) at a concentration of 50 
      and 100 mug/ml, respectively, when compared to the 0.25% Dimethyl sulfoxide 
      vehicle control (65.86 +/- 1.12%). Quantification of secreted growth factors from 
      cell-free supernatant, collected from the scratch assay, revealed that the 
      extract significantly decreased the concentration of platelet-derived growth 
      factor (PDGF-AA) at both 50 (p < 0.05) and 100 mug/ml (p < 0.001) (443.08 +/- 77.36 
      and 178.98 +/- 36.60 pg/ml) when compared to the 0.25% DMSO vehicle control (538.33 
      +/- 12.64 pg/ml). Therefore, whilst the extract showed antibacterial activity 
      against wound associated bacteria, it did not induce wound healing but rather 
      showed a significant inhibition of wound closure, which was confirmed by the 
      inhibition of PDGF-AA, a major growth factor involved in angiogenesis. Therefore, 
      the GR extract, should be considered for further investigation of anti-angiogenic 
      and anti-metastatic properties against cancer cells.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2022 Loggenberg, Twilley, De Canha, Meyer, Mabena and Lall.
FAU - Loggenberg, Samantha Rae
AU  - Loggenberg SR
AD  - Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South 
      Africa.
FAU - Twilley, Danielle
AU  - Twilley D
AD  - Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South 
      Africa.
FAU - De Canha, Marco Nuno
AU  - De Canha MN
AD  - Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South 
      Africa.
FAU - Meyer, Debra
AU  - Meyer D
AD  - Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, 
      Johannesburg, South Africa.
FAU - Mabena, Ephraim Cebisa
AU  - Mabena EC
AD  - Mothong African Heritage, Pretoria, South Africa.
FAU - Lall, Namrita
AU  - Lall N
AD  - Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South 
      Africa.
AD  - School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.
AD  - College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India.
AD  - Bio-Tech R and D Institute, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220411
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Pharmacol
JT  - Frontiers in pharmacology
JID - 101548923
PMC - PMC9035865
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Greyia radlkoferi szyszyl
OT  - Pseudomonas aeruginosa
OT  - Staphylococcus aureus
OT  - antibacterial
OT  - human keratinocytes
OT  - nitric oxide
OT  - platelet derived growth factor AA
OT  - wound closure
COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any 
      commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential 
      conflict of interest. The handling editor declared a past co-authorship with one 
      of the authors NL.
EDAT- 2022/04/29 06:00
MHDA- 2022/04/29 06:01
PMCR- 2022/04/11
CRDT- 2022/04/28 06:18
PHST- 2021/10/31 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/03/02 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/04/28 06:18 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/04/29 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/04/29 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/04/11 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 806285 [pii]
AID - 10.3389/fphar.2022.806285 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Pharmacol. 2022 Apr 11;13:806285. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.806285. 
      eCollection 2022.