PMID- 35481317
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220716
IS  - 2168-8184 (Print)
IS  - 2168-8184 (Electronic)
IS  - 2168-8184 (Linking)
VI  - 14
IP  - 3
DP  - 2022 Mar
TI  - Role of Lipid Indices in the Assessment of Microvascular Risk in Type 2 Diabetic 
      Retinopathy Patients.
PG  - e23395
LID - 10.7759/cureus.23395 [doi]
LID - e23395
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains the leading cause of blindness 
      and visual impairment in diabetic patients worldwide. Lipid indices (LI) such as 
      atherogenic coefficient (AC), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), non-high-density 
      lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), and Castelli risk index (CRI) I and II may 
      be associated with bio-physiological changes of DR even when traditional lipids 
      are within normal limit. Hence, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the 
      LI and examine the LI predictive role in assessing the microvascular risk in 
      diabetes patients with and without retinopathy. METHODOLOGY: This case-control 
      study was conducted for six months at a tertiary care hospital and included 90 
      subjects divided into three groups. Group I had 30 age and sex-matched healthy 
      controls; group II and group III had 30 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) cases 
      without DR and with DR, respectively. Plasma glucose and lipid profiles including 
      apolipoprotein A-I (Apo A-I) and apolipoprotein B (Apo B) were measured in all 
      subjects. LI such as AIP, AC, CRI-I, CRI-II, and non-HDL-C were calculated from 
      the lipid profile values. ANOVA test was used to compare the means of three 
      groups. RESULTS: The mean age of the study participants was 51.44 +/- 11.72, 53.95 
      +/- 12.43, and 57.16 +/- 7.96 years for groups I, II, and III, respectively. 
      Triacylglycerol (TG) showed positive correlation with all LI, AIP (r = 0.768, p < 
      0.00001), AC (r = 0.363, p = 0.048), non-HDL-C (r = 0.372, p = 0.042), and CRI-I 
      (r = 0.363, p = 0.048), except for CRI-II in group III. Low-density lipoprotein 
      cholesterol (LDL-C) showed a statistically significant positive correlation with 
      non-HDL-C and CRI-II in diabetic subjects with and without retinopathy. 
      CONCLUSION: The study showed that LI were raised in diabetic patients with or 
      without DR, suggesting the significant role of LI in assessing microvascular risk 
      in T2DM, particularly when the lipid profile values seem to be normal or not 
      disturbed markedly.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2022, Namitha et al.
FAU - Namitha, Devegowda
AU  - Namitha D
AD  - Biochemistry, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, Mandya, IND.
FAU - Nusrath, Aliya
AU  - Nusrath A
AD  - Biochemistry, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, Mandya, IND.
FAU - Asha Rani, N
AU  - Asha Rani N
AD  - Biochemistry, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, Mandya, IND.
FAU - Dhananjaya, Shilpashree Y
AU  - Dhananjaya SY
AD  - Biochemistry, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, Mandya, IND.
FAU - Lokanathan, Tejaswi H
AU  - Lokanathan TH
AD  - Anatomy, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, Mandya, IND.
FAU - Kruthi, B N
AU  - Kruthi BN
AD  - Biochemistry, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, Mandya, IND.
FAU - Vijay Kumar, A G
AU  - Vijay Kumar AG
AD  - Forensic Medicine, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, Mandya, IND.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220322
PL  - United States
TA  - Cureus
JT  - Cureus
JID - 101596737
PMC - PMC9033511
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - apolipoprotein a-i & b
OT  - atherogenic coefficient
OT  - atherogenic index of plasma
OT  - castelli risk index i & ii
OT  - diabetes mellitus
COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2022/04/29 06:00
MHDA- 2022/04/29 06:01
PMCR- 2022/03/22
CRDT- 2022/04/28 06:38
PHST- 2022/03/22 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/04/28 06:38 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/04/29 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/04/29 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/03/22 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.7759/cureus.23395 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Cureus. 2022 Mar 22;14(3):e23395. doi: 10.7759/cureus.23395. eCollection 2022 
      Mar.