PMID- 35489052
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220503
LR  - 20220503
IS  - 1336-0329 (Electronic)
IS  - 1210-0668 (Linking)
VI  - 56
IP  - 2
DP  - 2022 Apr 30
TI  - Bredemolic acid restores glucose utilization and attenuates oxidative stress in 
      palmitic acid-induced insulin-resistant C2C12 cells.
PG  - 126-133
LID - 10.2478/enr-2022-0014 [doi]
AB  - Objective. Due to insulin resistance and oxidative stress that are associated 
      with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), T2DM has become a prevalent metabolic 
      disorder that presents various side effects. However, alternative antidiabetic 
      treatment has commonly been used in treating diabetes mellitus in diabetic 
      patients. In our previous studies, bredemolic acid has been reported as an 
      antidiabetic agent that improves glucose uptake, ameliorates insulin resistance, 
      and oxidative stress in the liver, heart, kidney, and skeletal muscle of 
      prediabetic rats. However, these effects have not been validated in vitro. 
      Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the effects of bredemolic acid on 
      insulin-mediated glucose utilization, lipid peroxidation, and the total 
      antioxidant capacity (TOAC) in palmitic acid-induced insulin-resistant C2C12 
      skeletal muscle cells in vitro. Methods. Insulin resistance was induced in the 
      skeletal muscle cells after 4 h of exposure to palmitic acid (0.5 mmol/l). 
      Different cell groups were incubated in culture media DMEM supplemented with 
      fetal calf serum (10%), penicillin/streptomycin (1%), and L-glutamine (1%) and 
      then treated with either insulin (4 microg/ml) or bredemolic acid (12.5 mmol/l) or 
      with both. Thereafter, the cells were seeded in 24- or 96-well plates for 
      determination of the cell viability, glucose utilization, glycogen formation, and 
      antioxidant capacity. Results. The results showed that bredemolic acid 
      significantly improved TOAC and promoted glucose utilization via attenuation of 
      lipid peroxidation and increased glycogen formation in the insulin-resistant 
      cells, respectively. Conclusion. This study showed that bredemolic acid restored 
      the insulin resistance through improved glucose utilization, glycogen formation, 
      and TOAC in the skeletal muscle cells.
CI  - (c) 2022 Karabo R. Matee et al., published by Sciendo.
FAU - Matee, Karabo R
AU  - Matee KR
AD  - Department of Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, 
      University of KwaZulu-Natal, College of Health Sciences, Durban, South Africa.
FAU - Akinnuga, Akinjide M
AU  - Akinnuga AM
AD  - Department of Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, 
      University of KwaZulu-Natal, College of Health Sciences, Durban, South Africa.
AD  - Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Cross River 
      University of Technology, Okuku Campus, Yala, Cross River, Nigeria.
FAU - Siboto, Angezwa
AU  - Siboto A
AD  - Department of Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, 
      University of KwaZulu-Natal, College of Health Sciences, Durban, South Africa.
FAU - Ngubane, Phikelelani
AU  - Ngubane P
AD  - Department of Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, 
      University of KwaZulu-Natal, College of Health Sciences, Durban, South Africa.
FAU - Khathi, Andile
AU  - Khathi A
AD  - Department of Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, 
      University of KwaZulu-Natal, College of Health Sciences, Durban, South Africa.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220430
PL  - Germany
TA  - Endocr Regul
JT  - Endocrine regulations
JID - 9112018
RN  - 0 (Antioxidants)
RN  - 0 (Insulin)
RN  - 0 (Triterpenes)
RN  - 2V16EO95H1 (Palmitic Acid)
RN  - 9005-79-2 (Glycogen)
RN  - E233J88OHQ (maslinic acid)
RN  - IY9XDZ35W2 (Glucose)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antioxidants/metabolism/pharmacology
MH  - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy/metabolism
MH  - Glucose/metabolism/pharmacology
MH  - Glycogen/metabolism
MH  - Humans
MH  - Insulin
MH  - *Insulin Resistance/physiology
MH  - Oxidative Stress
MH  - Palmitic Acid/pharmacology/therapeutic use
MH  - Rats
MH  - Triterpenes
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - C2C12 cell
OT  - bredemolic acid
OT  - glucose utilization
OT  - insulin resistance
OT  - oxidative stress
OT  - skeletal muscle cell
EDAT- 2022/05/01 06:00
MHDA- 2022/05/04 06:00
CRDT- 2022/04/30 13:43
PHST- 2022/04/30 13:43 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/05/01 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/05/04 06:00 [medline]
AID - enr-2022-0014 [pii]
AID - 10.2478/enr-2022-0014 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Endocr Regul. 2022 Apr 30;56(2):126-133. doi: 10.2478/enr-2022-0014.