PMID- 35495598
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220503
IS  - 1792-1015 (Electronic)
IS  - 1792-0981 (Print)
IS  - 1792-0981 (Linking)
VI  - 23
IP  - 6
DP  - 2022 Jun
TI  - Lactococcus lactis-fermented spinach juice suppresses LPS-induced expression of 
      adhesion molecules and inflammatory cytokines through the NF-kappaB pathway in 
      HUVECs.
PG  - 390
LID - 10.3892/etm.2022.11317 [doi]
LID - 390
AB  - Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), a green leafy vegetable, is widely regarded as a 
      functional food due to its biological activities; however, to the best of our 
      knowledge, there are no previous studies that have investigated the protective 
      effects of fermented spinach against endothelial dysfunction and its underlying 
      mechanisms. Therefore, this study investigated the effects and possible 
      mechanisms of action of fresh spinach juice (S.juice) and fermented S.juice on 
      lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in human umbilical vein 
      endothelial cells (HUVECs). The HUVECs were treated with S.juice and fermented 
      S.juice for 18 h before LPS exposure, and the levels of cytokines and chemokines, 
      such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), were 
      detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Furthermore, to 
      examine the changes in inflammatory responses to the two treatments, 
      immunofluorescence analysis was used to visualize the nuclear translocation of 
      nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB). Western blot analysis was also performed to detect the 
      differences in the expression of endothelial cell adhesion molecules, 
      specifically vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular 
      adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Both S.juice and fermented S.juice inhibited the 
      LPS-induced expression of MCP-1 and IL-6, and suppressed VCAM-1 and ICAM-1. 
      Additionally, fermented S.juice inhibited the LPS-induced activation of NF-kappaB and 
      degradation of the inhibitor of NF-kappaB (IkappaBalpha) in an LPS dose-dependent manner. 
      These results suggest that the anti-inflammatory effect of vitamin K(2)-enriched 
      fermented S.juice is mediated by the suppression of the NF-kappaB pathway, suggesting 
      its potential as a novel therapeutic candidate for inflammatory cardiovascular 
      disease.
CI  - Copyright: (c) Lee et al.
FAU - Lee, Sang-Hee
AU  - Lee SH
AD  - Research Group of Aging and Metabolism, Korea Food Research Institute, 
      Iseo-myeon, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea.
FAU - Han, Ah-Ram
AU  - Han AR
AD  - Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, Iseo-myeon, 
      Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea.
FAU - Kim, Byoung-Mok
AU  - Kim BM
AD  - Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, Iseo-myeon, 
      Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea.
FAU - Jeong Sung, Mi
AU  - Jeong Sung M
AD  - Research Group of Aging and Metabolism, Korea Food Research Institute, 
      Iseo-myeon, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea.
FAU - Hong, Sun-Mee
AU  - Hong SM
AD  - Department of Technology Development, Marine Industry Research Institute for East 
      Sea Rim, Jukbyeon, North Gyeongsang 36315, Republic of Korea.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220412
PL  - Greece
TA  - Exp Ther Med
JT  - Experimental and therapeutic medicine
JID - 101531947
PMC - PMC9019603
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Lactococcus lactis
OT  - Spinacia oleracea
OT  - fermented spinach juice
OT  - human umbilical vein endothelial cells
OT  - lipopolysaccharide
OT  - vascular inflammation
COIS- The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
EDAT- 2022/05/03 06:00
MHDA- 2022/05/03 06:01
PMCR- 2022/04/12
CRDT- 2022/05/02 06:42
PHST- 2021/11/02 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/03/21 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/05/02 06:42 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/05/03 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/05/03 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/04/12 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ETM-23-6-11317 [pii]
AID - 10.3892/etm.2022.11317 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Exp Ther Med. 2022 Jun;23(6):390. doi: 10.3892/etm.2022.11317. Epub 2022 Apr 12.