PMID- 35506713
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230904
LR  - 20231114
IS  - 2191-0308 (Electronic)
IS  - 0048-7554 (Linking)
VI  - 38
IP  - 3
DP  - 2023 Sep 26
TI  - Determination of safe levels of persistent organic pollutants in toxicology and 
      epidemiology.
PG  - 401-408
LID - 10.1515/reveh-2021-0105 [doi]
AB  - We reviewed published manuscripts from toxicology and epidemiology reporting 
      harmful health effects and doses of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), 
      published between 2000 and 2021. We found 42 in vitro, 32 in vivo, and 74 
      epidemiological studies and abstracted the dose associated with harm in a common 
      Molar unit. We hypothesized that the dose associated with harm would vary between 
      animal and human studies. To test this hypothesis, for each of several POPs, we 
      assessed the significance of variation in the dose associated with a harmful 
      effect [categorized as non-thyroid endocrine (NTE), developmental neurotoxicity 
      (DNT), and Thyroid] with study type (in vitro, in vivo, and Epidemiology) using a 
      linear model after adjustment for basis (lipid weight, wet weight). We created a 
      Calculated Safety Factor (CSF) defined as the toxicology dose divided by 
      epidemiology dose needed to exhibit significant harm. Significant differences 
      were found between study types ranging from <1 to 5.0 orders of magnitude in the 
      dose associated with harm. Our CSFs in lipid weight varied from 12.4 (95% 
      confidence interval (CI) 3.3, 47) for NTE effects in Epidemiology relative to in 
      vivo studies to 6,244 (95% CI 2510, 15530) for DNT effects in Epidemiology 
      relative to in vitro in wet weight representing 12.4 to 6.2 thousand-fold more 
      sensitivity in people relative to animals, and mechanistic models, respectively. 
      In lipid weight, all CSF 95% CI lower bounds across effect categories were less 
      than 6.5. CIs for CSFs ranged from less than one to four orders of magnitude for 
      in vivo, and two to five orders of magnitude for in vitro vs. Epidemiology. A 
      global CSF for all Epidemiology vs. all Toxicology was 104.6 (95% CI 72 to 152), 
      significant at p<0.001.
CI  - (c) 2022 Tom Muir et al., published by De Gruyter, Berlin/Boston.
FAU - Muir, Tom
AU  - Muir T
AD  - Environment Canada, 70 Townsend Ave, Burlington, ON, Canada.
FAU - Michalek, Joel E
AU  - Michalek JE
AD  - Department of Population Health Sciences, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio TX, 
      USA.
FAU - Palmer, Raymond F
AU  - Palmer RF
AD  - Department of Family and Community Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio 
      TX, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20220505
PL  - Germany
TA  - Rev Environ Health
JT  - Reviews on environmental health
JID - 0425754
RN  - 0 (Persistent Organic Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Environmental Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Lipids)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Persistent Organic Pollutants
MH  - *Environmental Pollutants/toxicity
MH  - Thyroid Gland
MH  - Lipids
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - endocrine disruptors
OT  - experimental, mechanistic and animal studies
OT  - flame retardants
OT  - human health studies - epidemiology
OT  - neuro-development disruption
OT  - persistent organic pollutants
OT  - risk assessment
OT  - sex steroid disruption
OT  - thyroid disruption
EDAT- 2022/05/05 06:00
MHDA- 2023/09/04 06:42
CRDT- 2022/05/04 09:22
PHST- 2021/07/27 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/03/30 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/09/04 06:42 [medline]
PHST- 2022/05/05 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/05/04 09:22 [entrez]
AID - reveh-2021-0105 [pii]
AID - 10.1515/reveh-2021-0105 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Rev Environ Health. 2022 May 5;38(3):401-408. doi: 10.1515/reveh-2021-0105. Print 
      2023 Sep 26.