PMID- 35508237
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220608
LR  - 20220608
IS  - 1879-1026 (Electronic)
IS  - 0048-9697 (Linking)
VI  - 836
DP  - 2022 Aug 25
TI  - First biomonitoring of microplastic pollution in the Vaal river using Carp fish 
      (Cyprinus carpio) "as a bio-indicator".
PG  - 155623
LID - S0048-9697(22)02719-X [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155623 [doi]
AB  - Fish inhabiting freshwater environments are susceptible to the ingestion of 
      microplastics (MPs). Knowledge regarding MPs in freshwater fish in South Africa 
      is very limited. In this study, the uptake of MPs by common carp (Cyprinus 
      carpio) in the Vaal River in South Africa was assessed. MPs were detected in all 
      of the twenty-six fish examined, 682 particles of MPs were recovered from the 
      gastrointestinal tracts of the fish with an average of 26.23 +/- 12.57 
      particles/fish, and an average abundance of 41.18 +/- 52.81 particles/kg. The 
      examination of the physical properties of MPs revealed a predominance on fibers 
      (69%), small-sized particles of less than 0.5 mm (48%), as well as prevelance of 
      coloured MPs (94%), mostly green, blue, and black. Using Raman Spectroscopy, the 
      following plastic polymers were identified: high density polyethylene (HDPE), low 
      density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate 
      (PET), and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). To the best of our knowledge, this 
      study, is the first to report MPs uptake by freshwater biota in the Vaal River 
      using common carp as a target organism. It provided evidence of MP contamination 
      in the Vaal.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Saad, Dalia
AU  - Saad D
AD  - School of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Institute, University of the 
      Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. Electronic address: 
      dalia.saad@wits.ac.za.
FAU - Chauke, Patricia
AU  - Chauke P
AD  - School of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Institute, University of the 
      Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
FAU - Cukrowska, Ewa
AU  - Cukrowska E
AD  - School of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Institute, University of the 
      Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
FAU - Richards, Heidi
AU  - Richards H
AD  - School of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Institute, University of the 
      Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
FAU - Nikiema, Josiane
AU  - Nikiema J
AD  - International Water Management Institute, Accra, Ghana.
FAU - Chimuka, Luke
AU  - Chimuka L
AD  - School of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Institute, University of the 
      Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
FAU - Tutu, Hlanganani
AU  - Tutu H
AD  - School of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Institute, University of the 
      Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220501
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Sci Total Environ
JT  - The Science of the total environment
JID - 0330500
RN  - 0 (Microplastics)
RN  - 0 (Plastics)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
RN  - 9002-88-4 (Polyethylene)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Biological Monitoring
MH  - *Carps
MH  - Environmental Monitoring
MH  - Microplastics
MH  - Plastics
MH  - Polyethylene
MH  - Rivers
MH  - *Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Bio-indicator
OT  - Common carp
OT  - Freshwater
OT  - Microplastics
OT  - South Africa
OT  - Vaal River
COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2022/05/05 06:00
MHDA- 2022/06/09 06:00
CRDT- 2022/05/04 19:23
PHST- 2022/03/21 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/04/25 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/04/27 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/05/05 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/06/09 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/05/04 19:23 [entrez]
AID - S0048-9697(22)02719-X [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155623 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Sci Total Environ. 2022 Aug 25;836:155623. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155623. 
      Epub 2022 May 1.