PMID- 35508700
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220617
LR  - 20230725
IS  - 1759-5037 (Electronic)
IS  - 1759-5029 (Print)
IS  - 1759-5029 (Linking)
VI  - 18
IP  - 7
DP  - 2022 Jul
TI  - Pathophysiology, phenotypes and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Indian 
      and Chinese populations.
PG  - 413-432
LID - 10.1038/s41574-022-00669-4 [doi]
AB  - Nearly half of all adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) live in India and 
      China. These populations have an underlying predisposition to deficient insulin 
      secretion, which has a key role in the pathogenesis of T2DM. Indian and Chinese 
      people might be more susceptible to hepatic or skeletal muscle insulin 
      resistance, respectively, than other populations, resulting in specific forms of 
      insulin deficiency. Cluster-based phenotypic analyses demonstrate a higher 
      frequency of severe insulin-deficient diabetes mellitus and younger ages at 
      diagnosis, lower beta-cell function, lower insulin resistance and lower BMI among 
      Indian and Chinese people compared with European people. Individuals diagnosed 
      earliest in life have the most aggressive course of disease and the highest risk 
      of complications. These characteristics might contribute to distinctive responses 
      to glucose-lowering medications. Incretin-based agents are particularly effective 
      for lowering glucose levels in these populations; they enhance incretin-augmented 
      insulin secretion and suppress glucagon secretion. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 
      inhibitors might also lower blood levels of glucose especially effectively among 
      Asian people, while alpha-glucosidase inhibitors are better tolerated in east Asian 
      populations versus other populations. Further research is needed to better 
      characterize and address the pathophysiology and phenotypes of T2DM in Indian and 
      Chinese populations, and to further develop individualized treatment strategies.
CI  - (c) 2022. Springer Nature Limited.
FAU - Ke, Calvin
AU  - Ke C
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9944-4976
AD  - Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 
      calvin.ke@mail.utoronto.ca.
AD  - Department of Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, 
      Toronto, Ontario, Canada. calvin.ke@mail.utoronto.ca.
AD  - Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto, Dalla Lana School of 
      Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 
      calvin.ke@mail.utoronto.ca.
AD  - Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese 
      University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China. 
      calvin.ke@mail.utoronto.ca.
AD  - Asia Diabetes Foundation, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China. 
      calvin.ke@mail.utoronto.ca.
FAU - Narayan, K M Venkat
AU  - Narayan KMV
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8621-5405
AD  - Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory 
      University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
AD  - Nutrition and Health Sciences Program, Graduate Division of Biological and 
      Biomedical Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
AD  - Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
FAU - Chan, Juliana C N
AU  - Chan JCN
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1325-1194
AD  - Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese 
      University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
AD  - Asia Diabetes Foundation, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
AD  - Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 
      Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
AD  - Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 
      Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
FAU - Jha, Prabhat
AU  - Jha P
AD  - Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto, Dalla Lana School of 
      Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
FAU - Shah, Baiju R
AU  - Shah BR
AD  - Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
AD  - Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, 
      Canada.
LA  - eng
GR  - P30 DK111024/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
DEP - 20220504
PL  - England
TA  - Nat Rev Endocrinol
JT  - Nature reviews. Endocrinology
JID - 101500078
RN  - 0 (Blood Glucose)
RN  - 0 (Hypoglycemic Agents)
RN  - 0 (Incretins)
RN  - 0 (Insulin)
RN  - IY9XDZ35W2 (Glucose)
SB  - IM
MH  - Blood Glucose
MH  - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy/epidemiology
MH  - Glucose
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use
MH  - Incretins/therapeutic use
MH  - Insulin/therapeutic use
MH  - *Insulin Resistance
MH  - Phenotype
PMC - PMC9067000
COIS- C.K. reports consulting fees and honoraria from Sanofi, Abbott, and AstraZeneca. 
      The other authors declare no competing interests.
EDAT- 2022/05/05 06:00
MHDA- 2022/06/18 06:00
PMCR- 2022/05/04
CRDT- 2022/05/04 23:50
PHST- 2022/03/24 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/05/05 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/06/18 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/05/04 23:50 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/05/04 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1038/s41574-022-00669-4 [pii]
AID - 669 [pii]
AID - 10.1038/s41574-022-00669-4 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2022 Jul;18(7):413-432. doi: 10.1038/s41574-022-00669-4. Epub 
      2022 May 4.