PMID- 35511886
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220509
LR  - 20231101
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 17
IP  - 5
DP  - 2022
TI  - Dietary patterns among Saudis with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Riyadh: A 
      cross-sectional study.
PG  - e0267977
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0267977 [doi]
LID - e0267977
AB  - We investigated dietary patterns and their associations with sociodemographic and 
      lifestyle factors in Saudi adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A total 
      of 297 participants (154 men and 143 women) with a mean age (standard deviation) 
      of 54.0 (7.0) years were enrolled in the current study. Self-reported information 
      on sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics, eating behavior, and frequency 
      of consumption was collected from all participants. Principal component analysis 
      was used to determine dietary patterns. Multiple linear regressions were used to 
      examine the associations between dietary patterns and sociodemographic and 
      lifestyle factors. We identified five dietary patterns: "Vegetables and olive 
      oil," "Refined grains and sweets," "Dairy products and legumes," "Dates and 
      beverages," and "Fruit." Age was inversely associated with the pattern "Refined 
      grains and sweets" (beta = -0.036, p <0.001). Females were more likely to have 
      higher scores with the "Fruit" pattern (beta = 0.410, p = 0.011). Smoking was 
      associated with "Vegetables and olive oil" (beta = 0.919, p = 0.001) and "Dates and 
      beverages" (beta = -0.947, p = 0.001) patterns. The level of physical activity was 
      associated with "Dates and beverages" (beta = 0.104, p = 0.048) and "Vegetables and 
      olive oil" (beta = -0.102, p = 0.048) patterns. The number of snacks consumed was 
      associated with "Dates and beverages" pattern (beta = -0.241, p = 0.005), and the 
      frequency of meals eaten in fast food locations and restaurants per month was 
      associated with "Vegetables and olive oil" pattern (beta = -0.043, p = 0.034). Each 
      dietary pattern was associated with different sociodemographic and lifestyle 
      factors and eating behaviors. This study provides insights into the underlying 
      nutritional habits of Saudi Arabian patients with T2DM. Future studies are 
      necessary to assess these associations in representative samples.
FAU - Aljahdali, Abeer Ali
AU  - Aljahdali AA
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3104-1019
AD  - Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King 
      Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
AD  - Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of 
      Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America.
FAU - Bawazeer, Nahla Mohammed
AU  - Bawazeer NM
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5087-7802
AD  - Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Nutrition Program, College of Health and 
      Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 
      Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220505
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
RN  - 0 (Olive Oil)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology
MH  - Diet
MH  - Feeding Behavior
MH  - Female
MH  - Fruit
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Olive Oil
MH  - Saudi Arabia/epidemiology
MH  - Surveys and Questionnaires
MH  - Vegetables
PMC - PMC9070904
COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2022/05/06 06:00
MHDA- 2022/05/10 06:00
PMCR- 2022/05/05
CRDT- 2022/05/05 13:55
PHST- 2021/09/29 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/04/19 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/05/05 13:55 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/05/06 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/05/10 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/05/05 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-21-31369 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0267977 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2022 May 5;17(5):e0267977. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267977. 
      eCollection 2022.