PMID- 35514966 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20220509 LR - 20240423 IS - 1664-3224 (Electronic) IS - 1664-3224 (Linking) VI - 13 DP - 2022 TI - Characterization of Pannexin1, Connexin32, and Connexin43 in Spotted Sea Bass (Lateolabrax maculatus): They Are Important Neuro-Related Immune Response Genes Involved in Inflammation-Induced ATP Release. PG - 870679 LID - 10.3389/fimmu.2022.870679 [doi] LID - 870679 AB - Many immunological diseases can be treated by regulating neurobehavior, in which extracellular ATP is a vital member of endogenous danger-associated molecular pattern signaling molecule that plays a crucial part in innate neuro-related immunity. It is actively released through pannexin (Panx) and connexin (Cx) hemichannels from activated or stressed cells during inflammation, injury, or apoptosis. In addition to participating in ATP release, Panxs and Cxs also have crucial immune functions. In this study, pannexin1, three connexin32 isoforms and connexin43 were identified and characterized in spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus), which were named LmPanx1, LmCx32.2, LmCx32.3, LmCx32.7, and LmCx43. Their similar topological structures were discovered by sequence analysis: a relatively unconserved C-terminal region and four highly conserved transmembrane (TM) domains, and so on. Each extracellular (ECL) region of Panx1 has two conserved cysteine residues. Unlike Panx1, each ECL region of Cx32 and Cx43 contains three conserved cysteine residues, forming two conserved motifs: CX(6)CX(3)C motif in ECL1 and CX(4)CX(5)C motif in ECL2. Furthermore, Panx1 and Cx43 share similar genomic organization and synteny with their counterparts in selected vertebrates. Cx32 and CX43 were located in the same locus in fish, but diverged into two loci from amphibian. Moreover, despite varying expression levels, the identified genes were constitutively expressed in all examined tissues. All genes were upregulated by PAMP [lipopolysaccharide and poly(I:C)] stimulation or bacterial infection in vivo and in vitro, but they were downregulated in the brain at 6 or 12 h after stimulation. Especially, the three LmCx32 isoforms and LmCx43 were upregulated by ATP stimulation in primary head kidney leukocytes; however, downregulation of LmCx32.3 and LmCx43 expression were noted at 12 h. Conversely, ATP treatment inhibited the expression of LmPanx1. Importantly, we showed that the spotted sea bass Panx1, Cx43, and Cx32 were localized on the cellular membrane and involved in inflammation-induced ATP release. Taken together, our results demonstrated that Panx1, Cx32, and Cx43 are important neuro-related immune response genes involved in inflammation-induced ATP release. CI - Copyright (c) 2022 Sun, Xu, Chen, Liu, Wu and Gao. FAU - Sun, Zhaosheng AU - Sun Z AD - Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China. AD - International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China. AD - National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China. FAU - Xu, Chong AU - Xu C AD - Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China. AD - International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China. AD - National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China. FAU - Chen, Yuxi AU - Chen Y AD - Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China. AD - International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China. AD - National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China. FAU - Liu, Danjie AU - Liu D AD - Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China. AD - International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China. AD - National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China. FAU - Wu, Ping AU - Wu P AD - College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. FAU - Gao, Qian AU - Gao Q AD - Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China. AD - International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China. AD - National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20220419 PL - Switzerland TA - Front Immunol JT - Frontiers in immunology JID - 101560960 RN - 0 (Connexin 43) RN - 0 (Connexins) RN - 0 (Fish Proteins) RN - 8L70Q75FXE (Adenosine Triphosphate) RN - K848JZ4886 (Cysteine) SB - IM EIN - Front Immunol. 2024 Apr 08;15:1377603. PMID: 38650923 MH - Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism MH - Animals MH - *Bass MH - Connexin 43/metabolism MH - Connexins/genetics/metabolism MH - Cysteine MH - *Fish Diseases/genetics MH - Fish Proteins/metabolism MH - Immunity, Innate/genetics MH - Inflammation/genetics PMC - PMC9062032 OTO - NOTNLM OT - ATP release OT - Lateolabrax maculatus OT - connexin32 OT - connexin43 OT - innate immunity OT - pannexin1 COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. EDAT- 2022/05/07 06:00 MHDA- 2022/05/10 06:00 PMCR- 2022/01/01 CRDT- 2022/05/06 05:31 PHST- 2022/02/07 00:00 [received] PHST- 2022/03/21 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2022/05/06 05:31 [entrez] PHST- 2022/05/07 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/05/10 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2022/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.3389/fimmu.2022.870679 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Front Immunol. 2022 Apr 19;13:870679. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.870679. eCollection 2022.