PMID- 35519985
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220507
IS  - 2046-2069 (Electronic)
IS  - 2046-2069 (Linking)
VI  - 9
IP  - 13
DP  - 2019 Mar 1
TI  - Synthesis of N-doped ZnO nanoparticles with cabbage morphology as a catalyst for 
      the efficient photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under UV and visible 
      light.
PG  - 7509-7535
LID - 10.1039/c8ra09962f [doi]
AB  - In this study, the synthesis of nitrogen-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles with a 
      cabbage like morphology (N-ZnONCBs) by a hydrothermal method using zinc acetate 
      dihydrate as a precursor and hydrazine monohydrate as a nitrogen source is 
      reported. N-ZnONCB were characterized using UV-visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis), 
      Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Fourier Transmittance Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), 
      X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman Spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), 
      Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), 
      Electron Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and EDX elemental mapping. N-ZnONCBs were 
      tested for their photocatalytic capabilities in the degradation of methylene blue 
      (MB) under UV-light and visible light irradiation for about 0 to 80 minutes and 0 
      to 50 min respectively. The N-ZnONCB catalyst demonstrated improved 
      photodegradation efficiency (98.6% and 96.2%) and kinetic degradation rates of MB 
      (k = -0.0579 min(-1) and k = -0.0585 min(-1)) under UV light and visible light 
      irradiation at different time intervals. The photodegradation study was also 
      evaluated with different dosages of N-ZnONCB catalyst, different initial 
      concentrations of MB and variation in the pH (3, 5, 9 and 11) of the solution of 
      MB under UV light and visible light irradiation. The photocatalytic degradation 
      intermediate products were obtained by liquid chromatography mass spectra (LC-MS) 
      and also complete mineralization was determined by using Total Organic Carbon 
      (TOC) studies. This photocatalyst was also tested with 2,4-dichlorophenol 
      (2,4-DCP) under visible light irradiation at different time intervals. 
      Fluorescence and quenching studies were performed for the binding interaction 
      between the N-ZnONCB catalyst and MB dye. A Zetasizer was used to find the charge 
      and average size of the N-ZnONCB catalyst and also the charge of the N-ZnONCB 
      catalyst before and after MB dye solution adsorption. The N-ZnONCB catalyst was 
      also tested for its photostability and reusability with a percentage degradation 
      rate of MB (93.2%) after 4 cycle experiments. These results have clearly 
      demonstrated that the N-ZnONCB catalyst can be applied for the photocatalytic 
      degradation of MB from wastewater samples.
CI  - This journal is (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry.
FAU - Prabakaran, Eswaran
AU  - Prabakaran E
AD  - Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg Johannesburg South 
      Africa kriveshinip@uj.ac.za +27 11 5596425 +27 11 5596128.
FAU - Pillay, Kriveshini
AU  - Pillay K
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2134-7666
AD  - Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg Johannesburg South 
      Africa kriveshinip@uj.ac.za +27 11 5596425 +27 11 5596128.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20190306
PL  - England
TA  - RSC Adv
JT  - RSC advances
JID - 101581657
PMC - PMC9061168
COIS- There are no conflicts to declare.
EDAT- 2019/03/06 00:00
MHDA- 2019/03/06 00:01
PMCR- 2019/03/06
CRDT- 2022/05/06 06:09
PHST- 2018/12/04 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/02/04 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/05/06 06:09 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/03/06 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/03/06 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 2019/03/06 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - c8ra09962f [pii]
AID - 10.1039/c8ra09962f [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - RSC Adv. 2019 Mar 6;9(13):7509-7535. doi: 10.1039/c8ra09962f. eCollection 2019 
      Mar 1.