PMID- 35526680
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220614
LR  - 20220614
IS  - 1879-1298 (Electronic)
IS  - 0045-6535 (Linking)
VI  - 302
DP  - 2022 Sep
TI  - Gravimetric analysis of stability of polymeric materials during exposure to 
      chemical disinfectants at different temperatures.
PG  - 134813
LID - S0045-6535(22)01306-6 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134813 [doi]
AB  - The goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of thermal and chemical aging 
      processes on high-density polyethylene (HDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), 
      unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (U-PVC), and high-impact polyvinyl chloride 
      (Hi-PVC) pipes. The materials were exposed to 1-10 ppm chemical disinfectants 
      [chlorine dioxide (ClO(2)) and hypochlorite (HOCl)] at 40-80  degrees C for 1200 h. The 
      diffusion properties of the materials were systematically analyzed based on the 
      change in their sorption characteristics and activation energies according to the 
      Arrhenius model. Moreover, the structural changes were analyzed with scanning 
      electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) radiation, and 
      thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results show that the materials have 
      Fickian characteristics in the aging environment. Specifically, the water 
      sorption rates of HDPE and LDPE increase first and then decrease after reaching 
      saturation (Ms); those of U-PVC and Hi-PVC its increasing continuously with 
      different rate. This behavior of materials was prominent for ClO(2) at high 
      temperature and disinfectant dose because of polymeric chains crosslinking and 
      rearrangement, extraction of monomers, and stable compounds removal during aging 
      under exposed conditions. The deleterious effects decreased the activation 
      energies of the materials and increased the concentrations of carbonyl groups 
      [CO] via the formation of ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. The 
      decomposition temperature increased with the changes in the material morphology 
      and elemental contents under the investigated conditions. Moreover, LDPE and 
      Hi-PVC were more severely affected in the thermal aging process with 10 mg.L(-1) 
      ClO(2) at 80  degrees C.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Lee, Kang Hoon
AU  - Lee KH
AD  - Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Catholic University, 43 
      Jibong-ro, Bucheon-si, 14662, Republic of Korea.
FAU - Khan, Imtiaz Afzal
AU  - Khan IA
AD  - Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 
      Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
FAU - Lee, Yong-Soo
AU  - Lee YS
AD  - Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 
      Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
FAU - Kim, Jong Oh
AU  - Kim JO
AD  - Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 
      Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: 
      jk120@hanyang.ac.kr.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220505
PL  - England
TA  - Chemosphere
JT  - Chemosphere
JID - 0320657
RN  - 0 (Disinfectants)
RN  - 9002-86-2 (Polyvinyl Chloride)
RN  - 9002-88-4 (Polyethylene)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Disinfectants/toxicity
MH  - Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
MH  - Polyethylene/chemistry
MH  - Polyvinyl Chloride/chemistry
MH  - Temperature
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Activation energy
OT  - Disinfection
OT  - Polyethylene (PE)
OT  - Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
OT  - Water sorption
EDAT- 2022/05/09 06:00
MHDA- 2022/06/15 06:00
CRDT- 2022/05/08 19:25
PHST- 2022/03/18 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/04/25 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/04/29 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/05/09 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/06/15 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/05/08 19:25 [entrez]
AID - S0045-6535(22)01306-6 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134813 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Chemosphere. 2022 Sep;302:134813. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134813. Epub 
      2022 May 5.