PMID- 35537072
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220512
LR  - 20230827
IS  - 1536-5409 (Electronic)
IS  - 0749-8047 (Linking)
VI  - 38
IP  - 6
DP  - 2022 Jun 1
TI  - The State of Science in the Use of Virtual Reality in the Treatment of Acute and 
      Chronic Pain: A Systematic Scoping Review.
PG  - 424-441
LID - 10.1097/AJP.0000000000001029 [doi]
AB  - Previous reviews have reported virtual reality (VR) to be an effective method to 
      treat pain. This scoping review examines the state of the science for VR and pain 
      both generally and by pain type (acute and chronic) related to types of 
      mechanisms, dosage, effectiveness, and adverse events (AEs). We searched online 
      databases PubMed, Web of Science, PsychInfo, and CINAHL from 2010 to 2020 and 
      included studies from peer reviewed journals that examined people with pain, 
      (excluding pain-free participants) with a primary outcome measuring pain. We 
      assessed studies for risk of bias using PEDro criteria. We described data through 
      counts and percentages. Significant results were determined through P-values. We 
      found 70 studies representing 4105 people; 46 acute pain studies (65.7%), 22 
      chronic pain studies (31.4%), and 2 (2.9%) "both." The most common VR mechanism 
      was distraction (78.6%) then embodiment (17.1%). However, distraction was the 
      mechanism for 97.8% acute pain studies while embodiment was more common for 
      chronic pain (54.5%). Dosage of VR was inconsistently reported and varied 
      considerably. VR treatment groups showed significant improvements in pain, 
      particularly for intensity of pain (72.1%) and quality of pain (75.0%). Few 
      studies examined AEs. Limitations of this review include only examining last 10 
      years of articles and that many studies were missing data. VR appears to be an 
      effective intervention to address both acute and chronic pain. Research 
      evaluating VR mechanisms, dosage, and AEs is warranted, as is further work in 
      under-served populations (children for chronic pain and older adults) as the 
      current evidence is largely limited to adult populations with pain.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2022 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Baker, Nancy A
AU  - Baker NA
AD  - Department of Occupational Therapy, Tufts University, Medford MA.
FAU - Polhemus, Augusta Hixon
AU  - Polhemus AH
AD  - Department of Occupational Therapy, Tufts University, Medford MA.
FAU - Haan Ospina, Emma
AU  - Haan Ospina E
AD  - Department of Occupational Therapy, Tufts University, Medford MA.
FAU - Feller, Haley
AU  - Feller H
AD  - John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL.
FAU - Zenni, Miranda
AU  - Zenni M
AD  - Department of Occupational Therapy, Tufts University, Medford MA.
FAU - Deacon, Megan
AU  - Deacon M
AD  - Department of Occupational Therapy, Tufts University, Medford MA.
FAU - DeGrado, Grace
AU  - DeGrado G
AD  - Department of Occupational Therapy, Tufts University, Medford MA.
FAU - Basnet, Sami
AU  - Basnet S
AD  - Department of Occupational Therapy, Tufts University, Medford MA.
FAU - Driscoll, Megan
AU  - Driscoll M
AD  - UPMC Centers for Rehab Services, Pittsburgh, PA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Systematic Review
DEP - 20220601
PL  - United States
TA  - Clin J Pain
JT  - The Clinical journal of pain
JID - 8507389
SB  - IM
MH  - *Acute Pain/therapy
MH  - Aged
MH  - Bias
MH  - Child
MH  - *Chronic Pain/therapy
MH  - Humans
MH  - Pain Management/methods
MH  - *Virtual Reality
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/05/11 06:00
MHDA- 2022/05/14 06:00
CRDT- 2022/05/10 15:13
PHST- 2021/03/16 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/12/06 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/05/10 15:13 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/05/11 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/05/14 06:00 [medline]
AID - 00002508-202206000-00007 [pii]
AID - 10.1097/AJP.0000000000001029 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Clin J Pain. 2022 Jun 1;38(6):424-441. doi: 10.1097/AJP.0000000000001029.