PMID- 35537987
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220628
LR  - 20231213
IS  - 1471-499X (Electronic)
IS  - 1471-4914 (Print)
IS  - 1471-4914 (Linking)
VI  - 28
IP  - 7
DP  - 2022 Jul
TI  - Adverse effects of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines: the spike hypothesis.
PG  - 542-554
LID - S1471-4914(22)00103-4 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.04.007 [doi]
AB  - Vaccination is a major tool for mitigating the coronavirus disease 2019 
      (COVID-19) pandemic, and mRNA vaccines are central to the ongoing vaccination 
      campaign that is undoubtedly saving thousands of lives. However, adverse effects 
      (AEs) following vaccination have been noted which may relate to a proinflammatory 
      action of the lipid nanoparticles used or the delivered mRNA (i.e., the vaccine 
      formulation), as well as to the unique nature, expression pattern, binding 
      profile, and proinflammatory effects of the produced antigens - spike (S) protein 
      and/or its subunits/peptide fragments - in human tissues or organs. Current 
      knowledge on this topic originates mostly from cell-based assays or from model 
      organisms; further research on the cellular/molecular basis of the mRNA 
      vaccine-induced AEs will therefore promise safety, maintain trust, and direct 
      health policies.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Trougakos, Ioannis P
AU  - Trougakos IP
AD  - Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and 
      Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 157 84, Greece. Electronic address: 
      itrougakos@biol.uoa.gr.
FAU - Terpos, Evangelos
AU  - Terpos E
AD  - Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Alexandra General 
      Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 115 28, Greece.
FAU - Alexopoulos, Harry
AU  - Alexopoulos H
AD  - Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and 
      Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 157 84, Greece.
FAU - Politou, Marianna
AU  - Politou M
AD  - Hematology Laboratory-Blood Bank, Aretaieio Hospital, School of Medicine, 
      National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 28, Athens, Greece.
FAU - Paraskevis, Dimitrios
AU  - Paraskevis D
AD  - Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, 
      National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27, Athens, Greece.
FAU - Scorilas, Andreas
AU  - Scorilas A
AD  - Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National 
      and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 157 01, Greece.
FAU - Kastritis, Efstathios
AU  - Kastritis E
AD  - Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Alexandra General 
      Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 115 28, Greece.
FAU - Andreakos, Evangelos
AU  - Andreakos E
AD  - Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and 
      Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 
      Athens, 115 27, Greece.
FAU - Dimopoulos, Meletios A
AU  - Dimopoulos MA
AD  - Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Alexandra General 
      Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 115 28, Greece.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20220421
PL  - England
TA  - Trends Mol Med
JT  - Trends in molecular medicine
JID - 100966035
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Neutralizing)
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Viral)
RN  - 0 (COVID-19 Vaccines)
RN  - 0 (Lipid Nanoparticles)
RN  - 0 (Liposomes)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Messenger)
RN  - 0 (Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus)
RN  - 0 (Vaccines, Synthetic)
RN  - 0 (Viral Vaccines)
RN  - 0 (mRNA Vaccines)
RN  - 0 (spike protein, SARS-CoV-2)
SB  - IM
CIN - Trends Mol Med. 2022 Oct;28(10):797-799. PMID: 36114089
CIN - Trends Mol Med. 2022 Oct;28(10):800-802. PMID: 36114090
MH  - Antibodies, Neutralizing
MH  - Antibodies, Viral
MH  - *COVID-19/prevention & control
MH  - COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects
MH  - Humans
MH  - Liposomes
MH  - Nanoparticles
MH  - RNA, Messenger/genetics
MH  - SARS-CoV-2
MH  - Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry/genetics
MH  - Vaccines, Synthetic
MH  - *Viral Vaccines/genetics
MH  - mRNA Vaccines
PMC - PMC9021367
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - COVID-19
OT  - SARS-CoV-2
OT  - adverse effects
OT  - lipid nanoparticle
OT  - mRNA vaccine
OT  - spike protein
EDAT- 2022/05/11 06:00
MHDA- 2022/06/29 06:00
PMCR- 2022/04/21
CRDT- 2022/05/10 22:07
PHST- 2022/02/13 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/03/27 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/04/08 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/05/11 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/06/29 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/05/10 22:07 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/04/21 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S1471-4914(22)00103-4 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.04.007 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Trends Mol Med. 2022 Jul;28(7):542-554. doi: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.04.007. Epub 
      2022 Apr 21.