PMID- 35547883
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220516
IS  - 2046-2069 (Electronic)
IS  - 2046-2069 (Linking)
VI  - 8
IP  - 62
DP  - 2018 Oct 15
TI  - Enhanced distance-dependent fluorescence quenching using size tuneable core shell 
      silica nanoparticles.
PG  - 35840-35848
LID - 10.1039/c8ra05929b [doi]
AB  - Silica nanoparticles (SNPs) have been used as favoured platforms for sensor, drug 
      delivery and biological imaging applications, due to their ease of synthesis, 
      size-control and bespoke physico-chemical properties. In this study, we have 
      developed a protocol for the synthesis of size-tuneable SNPs, with diameters 
      ranging from 20 nm to 500 nm, through the optimisation of experimental components 
      required for nanoparticle synthesis. This protocol was also used to prepare 
      fluorescent SNPs, via covalent linkages of fluorophores, to the nanoparticle 
      matrix using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). This enabled the fabrication 
      of ratiometric, fluorescent, pH-sensitive nanosensors (75 nm diameter) composed 
      SNPs covalently linked to two pH-sensitive fluorescent dyes Oregon Green (OG) and 
      5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (FAM) and a reference fluorescent dye 
      5-(6)-carboxytetramethylrhodamine (TAMRA), extending the dynamic range of 
      measurement from pH 3.5 to 7.5. In addition, size-tuneable, core-shell SNPs, 
      covalently linked to a fluorescent TAMRA core were synthesised to investigate 
      distance-dependant fluorescence quenching between TAMRA and black hole quencher 2 
      (BHQ2(R)) using nanometre-sized silica shells as physical spacers. The results 
      showed a significant fluorescence quenching could be observed over greater 
      distances than that reported for the classical distance-dependent molecular 
      fluorescence quenching techniques, e.g. the Forster (fluorescence) resonance 
      energy transfer (FRET). The methods and protocols we have detailed in this 
      manuscript will provide the basis for the reproducible production of size tunable 
      SNPs, which will find broad utility in the development of sensors for biological 
      applications.
CI  - This journal is (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry.
FAU - Elsutohy, Mohamed M
AU  - Elsutohy MM
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6771-9226
AD  - Boots Science Building, School of Pharmacy, University Park Campus, University of 
      Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK jon.aylott@nottingham.ac.uk.
AD  - Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar 
      University Assiut 71524 Egypt.
FAU - Selo, Amjad
AU  - Selo A
AD  - Boots Science Building, School of Pharmacy, University Park Campus, University of 
      Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK jon.aylott@nottingham.ac.uk.
FAU - Chauhan, Veeren M
AU  - Chauhan VM
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2067-4630
AD  - Boots Science Building, School of Pharmacy, University Park Campus, University of 
      Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK jon.aylott@nottingham.ac.uk.
FAU - Tendler, Saul J B
AU  - Tendler SJB
AD  - Boots Science Building, School of Pharmacy, University Park Campus, University of 
      Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK jon.aylott@nottingham.ac.uk.
AD  - Vice-Chancellor's Department, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK.
FAU - Aylott, Jonathan W
AU  - Aylott JW
AD  - Boots Science Building, School of Pharmacy, University Park Campus, University of 
      Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK jon.aylott@nottingham.ac.uk.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20181019
PL  - England
TA  - RSC Adv
JT  - RSC advances
JID - 101581657
PMC - PMC9088216
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2018/10/19 00:00
MHDA- 2018/10/19 00:01
PMCR- 2018/10/19
CRDT- 2022/05/13 11:19
PHST- 2018/07/11 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2018/10/06 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/05/13 11:19 [entrez]
PHST- 2018/10/19 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/10/19 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 2018/10/19 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - c8ra05929b [pii]
AID - 10.1039/c8ra05929b [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - RSC Adv. 2018 Oct 19;8(62):35840-35848. doi: 10.1039/c8ra05929b. eCollection 2018 
      Oct 15.