PMID- 35550911 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20220628 LR - 20220801 IS - 1873-4995 (Electronic) IS - 0168-3659 (Linking) VI - 347 DP - 2022 Jul TI - Split bullets loaded nanoparticles for amplified immunotherapy. PG - 199-210 LID - S0168-3659(22)00266-8 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.05.011 [doi] AB - Dendritic cells (DCs) play central role in adaptive antitumor immunity, while their function is often hampered by low immunogenicity of tumor tissues and surrounding hostile microenvironment. Herein, a "split bullets" loaded nanoplatform that can bidirectionally injure mitochondria (MT) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of tumor cells is developed. After cellular uptake, the released "split bullets" separately target to different subcellular destinations and exert distinct effects on DCs: (1) MT-targeted "bullet" recruits peripheral DCs into tumor sites, due to its capability to trigger adenosine triphosphate release from tumor cells; (2) ER-targeted "bullet" activates tumor-infiltrating DCs, which is attributed to its ability to evoke calreticulin exposure on tumor cells. These effects collectively improve the tropism and reactivity of DCs to tumor-specific antigen in a two-pronged way. As a result of enhanced function of DCs in antigen capture, treatment of the "split bullets" loaded nanoplatform ignites robust immune response to suppress primary melanoma, and establishes systemic immune memory against post-surgical tumor recurrence. Overall, this nanoplatform offers a generalizable approach to boost DCs and augment immunotherapy. CI - Copyright (c) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. FAU - Liu, Chendong AU - Liu C AD - Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug, Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China. FAU - Li, Lian AU - Li L AD - Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug, Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China. FAU - Lyu, Jiayan AU - Lyu J AD - Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug, Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China. FAU - Xiang, Yucheng AU - Xiang Y AD - Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug, Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China. FAU - Chen, Liqiang AU - Chen L AD - Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug, Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China. FAU - Zhou, Zhou AU - Zhou Z AD - Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug, Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China. FAU - Huang, Yuan AU - Huang Y AD - Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug, Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China. Electronic address: huangyuan0@163.com. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20220511 PL - Netherlands TA - J Control Release JT - Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society JID - 8607908 RN - 0 (Cancer Vaccines) RN - 0 (Immunologic Factors) SB - IM MH - Adaptive Immunity MH - *Cancer Vaccines MH - Dendritic Cells MH - Humans MH - Immunologic Factors MH - Immunotherapy MH - *Melanoma MH - *Nanoparticles MH - Tumor Microenvironment OTO - NOTNLM OT - Dendritic cell OT - Endoplasmic reticulum OT - Immunotherapy OT - Mitochondria OT - Nanoparticle EDAT- 2022/05/14 06:00 MHDA- 2022/06/29 06:00 CRDT- 2022/05/13 13:00 PHST- 2022/01/26 00:00 [received] PHST- 2022/04/23 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2022/05/05 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2022/05/14 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/06/29 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2022/05/13 13:00 [entrez] AID - S0168-3659(22)00266-8 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.05.011 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Control Release. 2022 Jul;347:199-210. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.05.011. Epub 2022 May 11.