PMID- 35564852
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220519
LR  - 20240216
IS  - 1660-4601 (Electronic)
IS  - 1661-7827 (Print)
IS  - 1660-4601 (Linking)
VI  - 19
IP  - 9
DP  - 2022 Apr 29
TI  - The Association between Multiple Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances' Serum 
      Levels and Allostatic Load.
LID - 10.3390/ijerph19095455 [doi]
LID - 5455
AB  - Background/Objective: This study aimed to explore the association between 
      allostatic load (AL), an index of chronic stress, with nine per- and 
      polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), a group of organic compounds used in 
      commercial and industrial applications. The PFASs explored were perfluorohexane 
      sulfonic acid (PFHS), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDE), perfluorobutane sulfonic 
      acid (PFBS), perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHP), perflurododecanoic acid (PFDO), 
      perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUA), perfluorooctanoic 
      acid (PFOA), and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS). This study was performed 
      to better understand the association between PFASs and AL, which may be a 
      mediator of several diseases. Methods: This study was performed on adults aged 20 
      and older, using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 
      2007-2014 data. AL was calculated as a cumulative index of ten biomarkers from 
      the cardiovascular, inflammatory, and metabolic system, which was dichotomized 
      into high risk (assigned a value of 1) or low risk (assigned a value 0) depending 
      on if the index value was >/=3 (chronic physiological stress) or <3 (less 
      stressed). In this study, PFASs and covariates such as age, gender, ethnicity, 
      alcohol consumption, smoking, and physical activity were explored using 
      descriptive statistics and logistic regression modeling. Results: The results 
      indicated that in adults, AL was more elevated in men as compared to women, in 
      those aged >/=60 years, and varied by ethnicity. For instance, non-Hispanic Blacks 
      had higher AL levels (mean of 3.92) compared to other ethnicities. A significant 
      number of the participants tested for PFBS, PFHP, PFDO were below the LOD and 
      thus these PFASs were excluded from the analysis. Our analysis demonstrated 
      multicollinearities between variables such as PFNA, PFOS, and PFOA with variance 
      inflation factor (VIF) values of 6.197, 6.212, and 5.139, respectively. Thus, 
      PFASs were analyzed individually and adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, 
      physical activity, smoking, and alcohol consumption. The results indicated a 
      statistically significant positive association between AL and most of the PFASs, 
      except PFUA which was not statistically significant with a p value of 0.531. 
      Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that exposure to PFDE, PFNA, 
      PFOS, PFOA, and PFHS are associated with AL when adjusted for age, gender, 
      ethnicity, alcohol consumption, smoking, and physical activity. Future studies 
      looking to model the effects of these factors together must consider their 
      relationship with each other and choose different analytical approaches.
FAU - Bashir, Tahir
AU  - Bashir T
AD  - Department of Built Environment, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, 
      NC 27411, USA.
AD  - Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, North Carolina A&T State University, 
      Greensboro, NC 27411, USA.
FAU - Obeng-Gyasi, Emmanuel
AU  - Obeng-Gyasi E
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3195-706X
AD  - Department of Built Environment, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, 
      NC 27411, USA.
AD  - Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, North Carolina A&T State University, 
      Greensboro, NC 27411, USA.
LA  - eng
GR  - R25 HL105400/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
DEP - 20220429
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Int J Environ Res Public Health
JT  - International journal of environmental research and public health
JID - 101238455
RN  - 0 (Alkanesulfonic Acids)
RN  - 0 (Environmental Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Fluorocarbons)
RN  - 0 (Sulfonic Acids)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - *Alkanesulfonic Acids
MH  - *Allostasis
MH  - *Environmental Pollutants
MH  - Female
MH  - *Fluorocarbons
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Nutrition Surveys
MH  - Sulfonic Acids
PMC - PMC9104853
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - PFAS
OT  - alcohol
OT  - allostatic load
OT  - ethnicity
OT  - income
OT  - per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances
OT  - physical activity
OT  - smoking
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/05/15 06:00
MHDA- 2022/05/20 06:00
PMCR- 2022/04/29
CRDT- 2022/05/14 01:15
PHST- 2022/02/17 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/04/25 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/04/27 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/05/14 01:15 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/05/15 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/05/20 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/04/29 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ijerph19095455 [pii]
AID - ijerph-19-05455 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ijerph19095455 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Apr 29;19(9):5455. doi: 
      10.3390/ijerph19095455.