PMID- 35567107
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20230916
IS  - 2223-7747 (Print)
IS  - 2223-7747 (Electronic)
IS  - 2223-7747 (Linking)
VI  - 11
IP  - 9
DP  - 2022 Apr 19
TI  - Advancement and New Trends in Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Food: A 
      Comprehensive Review.
LID - 10.3390/plants11091106 [doi]
LID - 1106
AB  - Food safety is a rising challenge worldwide due to the expanding population and 
      the need to produce food to feed the growing population. At the same time, 
      pesticide residues found in high concentrations in fresh agriculture pose a 
      significant threat to food safety. Presently, crop output is being increased by 
      applying herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, pesticides, fertilizers, 
      nematicides, and soil amendments. A combination of factors, including 
      bioaccumulation, widespread usage, selective toxicity, and stability, make 
      pesticides among the most toxic compounds polluting the environment. They are 
      especially harmful in vegetables and fruits because people are exposed to them. 
      Thus, it is critical to monitor pesticide levels in fruits and vegetables using 
      all analytical techniques available. Any evaluation of the condition of pesticide 
      contamination in fruits and vegetables necessitates knowledge of maximum residue 
      levels (MRLs). We set out the problems in determining various types of pesticides 
      in vegetables and fruits, including the complexity and the diversity of matrices 
      in biological materials. This review examines the different analytical techniques 
      to determine the target analytes that must be isolated before final consumption. 
      Many processes involved determining pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables 
      and their advantages and disadvantages have been discussed with recommendations. 
      Furthermore, MRLs of target pesticide residues in fruit and vegetable samples are 
      discussed in the context of data from the literature. The review also examines 
      MRLs' impact on the international trade of fruits and vegetables. Accurate, 
      sensitive, and robust analytical procedures are critical to ensuring that 
      pesticide levels in food products are effectively regulated. Despite advances in 
      detection technology, effective sample preparation procedures for pesticide 
      residue measurement in cereals and feedstuffs are still needed. In addition, 
      these methods must be compatible with current analytical techniques. 
      Multi-residue approaches that cover a wide range of pesticides are desired, even 
      though pesticides' diverse natures, classes, and physio-chemical characteristics 
      make such methods challenging to assemble. This review will be valuable to food 
      analysts and regulatory authorities to monitor the quality and safety of fresh 
      food products.
FAU - Wahab, Shadma
AU  - Wahab S
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9941-2918
AD  - Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 
      61421, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Muzammil, Khursheed
AU  - Muzammil K
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1676-8092
AD  - Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Khamis Mushait, 
      King Khalid University, Abha 61412, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Nasir, Nazim
AU  - Nasir N
AD  - Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Khamis 
      Mushait, King Khalid University, Abha 61412, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Khan, Mohammad Suhail
AU  - Khan MS
AD  - Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Khamis Mushait, 
      King Khalid University, Abha 61412, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Ahmad, Md Faruque
AU  - Ahmad MF
AD  - Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan 
      University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Khalid, Mohammad
AU  - Khalid M
AD  - Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz 
      University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Ahmad, Wasim
AU  - Ahmad W
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2639-9200
AD  - Department of Pharmacy, Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Safaa, 
      Dammam 34222, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Dawria, Adam
AU  - Dawria A
AD  - Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Khamis Mushait Campus, 
      King Khalid University, Abha 61412, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Reddy, Lingala Kalyan Viswanath
AU  - Reddy LKV
AD  - Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Saudi Electronic 
      University, Abha 61412, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Busayli, Abdulrahman Mohammed
AU  - Busayli AM
AD  - Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan 
      University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
LA  - eng
GR  - RGP.1/336/42./King Khalid University/
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20220419
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Plants (Basel)
JT  - Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 101596181
PMC - PMC9105315
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - QuEChERS
OT  - analytical techniques
OT  - chromatographic
OT  - food
OT  - maximum residue limits
OT  - pesticides
OT  - toxicity
COIS- The authors confirm that this article content has no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/05/15 06:00
MHDA- 2022/05/15 06:01
PMCR- 2022/04/19
CRDT- 2022/05/14 01:29
PHST- 2022/03/07 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/04/05 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/04/16 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/05/14 01:29 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/05/15 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/05/15 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/04/19 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - plants11091106 [pii]
AID - plants-11-01106 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/plants11091106 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Plants (Basel). 2022 Apr 19;11(9):1106. doi: 10.3390/plants11091106.