PMID- 35567214 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20220716 IS - 2223-7747 (Print) IS - 2223-7747 (Electronic) IS - 2223-7747 (Linking) VI - 11 IP - 9 DP - 2022 Apr 29 TI - Glycine Betaine and beta-Aminobutyric Acid Mitigate the Detrimental Effects of Heat Stress on Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis) Seedlings with Improved Photosynthetic Performance and Antioxidant System. LID - 10.3390/plants11091213 [doi] LID - 1213 AB - Heat stress is one of the major abiotic factors that limit the growth, development, and productivity of plants. Both glycine betaine (GB) and beta-aminobutyric acid (BABA) have received considerable attention due to their roles in stimulating tolerance to diverse abiotic stresses. In order to understand how GB and BABA biostimulants alleviate heat stress in a cool-weather Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis) plant, we investigated the GB- and BABA-primed heat-stressed plants in terms of their morpho-physiological and biochemical traits. Priming with GB (15 mM) and BABA (0.2 mM) was conducted at the third leaf stage by applying foliar sprays daily for 5 days before 5 days of heat stress (45 degrees C in 16 h light/35 degrees C in 8 h dark) on Chinese cabbage seedlings. The results indicate that GB and BABA significantly increased chlorophyll content, and the parameters of both gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence, of Chinese cabbage under heat stress. Compared with the unprimed heat-stressed control, the dry weights of GB- and BABA-primed plants were significantly increased by 36.36% and 45.45%, respectively. GB and BABA priming also greatly mitigated membrane damage, as indicated by the reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) and electrolyte leakage through the elevation of proline content, and increased activity levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Taken together, GB and BABA have great potential to enhance the thermotolerance of Chinese cabbage through higher photosynthesis performance, osmoprotection, and antioxidant enzyme activity. FAU - Quan, Jin AU - Quan J AD - Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China. FAU - Zheng, Weiwei AU - Zheng W AD - Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China. FAU - Wu, Meifang AU - Wu M AD - Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China. FAU - Shen, Zhuojun AU - Shen Z AD - Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China. FAU - Tan, Jingru AU - Tan J AD - Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China. FAU - Li, Zewei AU - Li Z AD - Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China. FAU - Zhu, Biao AU - Zhu B AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2980-4849 AD - Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China. FAU - Hong, Seung-Beom AU - Hong SB AD - Department of Biotechnology, University of Houston Clear Lake, Houston, TX 77058-1098, USA. FAU - Zhao, Yanting AU - Zhao Y AD - Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China. FAU - Zhu, Zhujun AU - Zhu Z AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8551-7751 AD - Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China. FAU - Zang, Yunxiang AU - Zang Y AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3505-7539 AD - Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20220429 PL - Switzerland TA - Plants (Basel) JT - Plants (Basel, Switzerland) JID - 101596181 PMC - PMC9105105 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Chinese cabbage OT - antioxidant enzyme activity OT - glycine betaine OT - heat stress OT - osmoprotection OT - photosynthesis OT - beta-aminobutyric acid COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2022/05/15 06:00 MHDA- 2022/05/15 06:01 PMCR- 2022/04/29 CRDT- 2022/05/14 01:29 PHST- 2022/03/10 00:00 [received] PHST- 2022/04/27 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2022/04/27 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2022/05/14 01:29 [entrez] PHST- 2022/05/15 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/05/15 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2022/04/29 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - plants11091213 [pii] AID - plants-11-01213 [pii] AID - 10.3390/plants11091213 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Plants (Basel). 2022 Apr 29;11(9):1213. doi: 10.3390/plants11091213.