PMID- 35572502
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220519
LR  - 20230519
IS  - 1664-3224 (Electronic)
IS  - 1664-3224 (Linking)
VI  - 13
DP  - 2022
TI  - Learning to Be Elite: Lessons From HIV-1 Controllers and Animal Models on Trained 
      Innate Immunity and Virus Suppression.
PG  - 858383
LID - 10.3389/fimmu.2022.858383 [doi]
LID - 858383
AB  - Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) has drastically changed the lives of people 
      living with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1), long-term treatment has been 
      associated with a vast array of comorbidities. Therefore, a cure for HIV-1 
      remains the best option to globally eradicate HIV-1/acquired immunodeficiency 
      syndrome (AIDS). However, development of strategies to achieve complete 
      eradication of HIV-1 has been extremely challenging. Thus, the control of HIV-1 
      replication by the host immune system, namely functional cure, has long been 
      studied as an alternative approach for HIV-1 cure. HIV-1 elite controllers (ECs) 
      are rare individuals who naturally maintain undetectable HIV-1 replication levels 
      in the absence of ART and whose immune repertoire might be a desirable blueprint 
      for a functional cure. While the role(s) played by distinct human leukocyte 
      antigen (HLA) expression and CD8+ T cell responses expressing cognate ligands in 
      controlling HIV-1 has been widely characterized in ECs, the innate immune 
      phenotype has been decidedly understudied. Comparably, in animal models such as 
      HIV-1-infected humanized mice and simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV)-infected 
      non-human primates (NHP), viremic control is known to be associated with specific 
      major histocompatibility complex (MHC) alleles and CD8+ T cell activity, but the 
      innate immune response remains incompletely characterized. Notably, recent work 
      demonstrating the existence of trained innate immunity may provide new 
      complementary approaches to achieve an HIV-1 cure. Herein, we review the known 
      characteristics of innate immune responses in ECs and available animal models, 
      identify gaps of knowledge regarding responses by adaptive or trained innate 
      immune cells, and speculate on potential strategies to induce EC-like responses 
      in HIV-1 non-controllers.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2022 Sugawara, Reeves and Jost.
FAU - Sugawara, Sho
AU  - Sugawara S
AD  - Division of Innate and Comparative Immunology, Center for Human Systems 
      Immunology, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, 
      NC, United States.
FAU - Reeves, R Keith
AU  - Reeves RK
AD  - Division of Innate and Comparative Immunology, Center for Human Systems 
      Immunology, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, 
      NC, United States.
FAU - Jost, Stephanie
AU  - Jost S
AD  - Division of Innate and Comparative Immunology, Center for Human Systems 
      Immunology, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, 
      NC, United States.
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 AI116363/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
GR  - UM1 AI164570/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 AI120828/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 AI161010/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
GR  - P01 AI162242/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
DEP - 20220427
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Immunol
JT  - Frontiers in immunology
JID - 101560960
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - *HIV Infections
MH  - *HIV-1
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunity, Innate
MH  - Mice
MH  - Models, Animal
MH  - Viremia
PMC - PMC9094575
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - HIV
OT  - NHP models
OT  - NK cells
OT  - elite controllers (ECs)
OT  - innate immunity
OT  - trained immunity
COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any 
      commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential 
      conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/05/17 06:00
MHDA- 2022/05/20 06:00
PMCR- 2022/01/01
CRDT- 2022/05/16 04:14
PHST- 2022/01/19 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/03/18 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/05/16 04:14 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/05/17 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/05/20 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fimmu.2022.858383 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Immunol. 2022 Apr 27;13:858383. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.858383. eCollection 
      2022.