PMID- 35576751
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220716
IS  - 2210-2612 (Print)
IS  - 2210-2612 (Electronic)
IS  - 2210-2612 (Linking)
VI  - 95
DP  - 2022 Jun
TI  - Diabetic mastopathy: A rare clinicopathologic entity with considerable autoimmune 
      potential.
PG  - 107151
LID - S2210-2612(22)00397-2 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.ijscr.2022.107151 [doi]
LID - 107151
AB  - INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Diabetic mastopathy is a rare entity affecting 
      diabetic patients. It has been previously linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus; 
      however, due to the several accompanying conditions, a theory of autoimmune 
      factors contributing to the origin of this condition has been on the rise. In 
      this paper, we report a case of diabetic mastopathy associated with several 
      autoimmune diseases to highlight the immunological potential of this condition. 
      CASE PRESENTATION: A 25-year-old female, known to have type 1 diabetes mellitus, 
      hypertension, hypothyroidism, adrenal insufficiency, dilated cardiomyopathy and 
      end-stage renal disease, was referred to our clinic for a breast lump. 
      Radiological investigations showed a dense mass with irregular borders in the 
      retroareolar area of the left breast. A core biopsy was obtained which revealed 
      keloid-like fibrosis along with lymphocytes infiltrated, suggestive of 
      lymphocytic mastopathy. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: Fibrous mastopathy has been merely 
      attributed to a long-standing use of insulin therapy by diabetic patients; recent 
      observations, however, proved the major contribution of immunity to 
      etiopathogenesis. Even though human leukocyte antigen (HLA) association has not 
      been supported in the literature, the histological changes of breast lymphocytic 
      infiltrate are seen in patients who not only have T1DM, but also thyroiditis, 
      systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren's syndrome, and Addison's disease. The 
      frequent presence of several possible autoimmune conditions has promoted the 
      theory of an autoimmune process affecting connective tissues, however, these 
      claims are yet to be proven by future studies. CONCLUSION: Recent observations 
      have proved the major contribution of immunity to etiopathogenesis of diabetic 
      mastopathy. We shed light on the role of the immune system in triggering the 
      disease process by reporting a case of diabetic mastopathy with a cluster of 
      autoimmune diseases. Future studies should explore the genetic background of the 
      condition as it would potentially have several clinical implications. The 
      discussed pathophysiologic explanations raise the possibility of autoimmunity as 
      a key driver in pathogenesis and indicate the need to change the nomenclature of 
      this condition.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
FAU - Boumarah, Dhuha N
AU  - Boumarah DN
AD  - Department of Surgery, King Fahd University Hospital, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal 
      University, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: Dohanahar@gmail.com.
FAU - AlSinan, Ali S
AU  - AlSinan AS
AD  - Department of Surgery, King Fahd University Hospital, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal 
      University, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - AlMaher, Eman M
AU  - AlMaher EM
AD  - Department of Surgery, Security Forces Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Mashhour, Miral
AU  - Mashhour M
AD  - Department of Pathology, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - AlDuhileb, Mohammed
AU  - AlDuhileb M
AD  - Department of Surgery, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220504
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Int J Surg Case Rep
JT  - International journal of surgery case reports
JID - 101529872
PMC - PMC9118609
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Autoimmune
OT  - Case report
OT  - Diabetes
OT  - Mastopathy
COIS- None declared.
EDAT- 2022/05/17 06:00
MHDA- 2022/05/17 06:01
PMCR- 2022/05/04
CRDT- 2022/05/16 18:20
PHST- 2022/03/18 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/04/29 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/04/30 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/05/17 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/05/17 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/05/16 18:20 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/05/04 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S2210-2612(22)00397-2 [pii]
AID - 107151 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.ijscr.2022.107151 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Int J Surg Case Rep. 2022 Jun;95:107151. doi: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2022.107151. Epub 
      2022 May 4.