PMID- 35591724
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220523
IS  - 1996-1944 (Print)
IS  - 1996-1944 (Electronic)
IS  - 1996-1944 (Linking)
VI  - 15
IP  - 9
DP  - 2022 May 9
TI  - Engineering Performance Evaluation of Recycled Red Mud Stabilized Loessial Silt 
      as a Sustainable Subgrade Material.
LID - 10.3390/ma15093391 [doi]
LID - 3391
AB  - Industrial solid waste red mud discharge has caused serious environmental 
      problems. This study utilized red mud as an additive to loessial silt being used 
      for roadway subgrade material. In this study, unconfined compressive test, direct 
      shear test, electrical resistivity test, and hydraulic conductivity test were 
      conducted on red mud stabilized loessial silt (RMLS) with different red mud 
      dosage (D(R)) to investigate D(R) effect on mechanical-electrical-hydro 
      properties. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) 
      analyses were carried out to reveal the mechanism from micro perspective. The 
      results showed addition of appropriate amount of red mud (30-42%) effectively 
      improved unconfined compressive strength of treated loessial silt but reduced 
      resistivity and hydraulic conductivity. Significant correlation between 
      resistivity and strength performance of RMLS mixture was developed. Microscopic 
      analysis indicates red mud addition will promote generation of hydration products 
      such as calcium silicate hydrations (C-S-H), calcium silicate aluminates 
      hydrations (C-A-S-H), and ettringite (Aft), which will tightly connect 
      surrounding particles of loessial silt and hydrates. Red mud particles adhere to 
      surface of soil particles and fill in pores between them improving a compact and 
      stable structure. This study demonstrated the feasibility of using red mud as a 
      stabilization material for roadway subgrade and proved that resistivity 
      measurement is a nondestructive testing method to evaluate mechanical properties 
      for RMLS mixture.
FAU - Ma, Qianwei
AU  - Ma Q
AD  - College of Civil Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, 
      China.
FAU - Duan, Wei
AU  - Duan W
AD  - College of Civil Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, 
      China.
FAU - Liu, Xiaofeng
AU  - Liu X
AD  - College of Civil Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, 
      China.
FAU - Fang, Peiying
AU  - Fang P
AD  - College of Civil Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, 
      China.
FAU - Chen, Ruifeng
AU  - Chen R
AD  - Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, 
      China.
FAU - Wang, Tingyuan
AU  - Wang T
AD  - College of Civil Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, 
      China.
FAU - Hao, Zirui
AU  - Hao Z
AD  - College of Civil Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, 
      China.
LA  - eng
GR  - 51978438/National Natural Science Foundation of China/
GR  - 52108332/National Natural Science Foundation of China/
GR  - 2021M702421/China Postdoctoral Science Foundation/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220509
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Materials (Basel)
JT  - Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 101555929
PMC - PMC9103964
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - hydraulic conductivity
OT  - loessial silt
OT  - mechanical properties
OT  - red mud
OT  - resistivity
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the 
      design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in 
      the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.
EDAT- 2022/05/21 06:00
MHDA- 2022/05/21 06:01
PMCR- 2022/05/09
CRDT- 2022/05/20 01:14
PHST- 2022/04/11 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/05/01 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/05/05 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/05/20 01:14 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/05/21 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/05/21 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/05/09 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ma15093391 [pii]
AID - materials-15-03391 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ma15093391 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Materials (Basel). 2022 May 9;15(9):3391. doi: 10.3390/ma15093391.