PMID- 35598822
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220608
LR  - 20230126
IS  - 1873-1899 (Electronic)
IS  - 0734-9750 (Print)
IS  - 0734-9750 (Linking)
VI  - 59
DP  - 2022 Oct
TI  - Native, engineered and de novo designed ligands targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike 
      protein.
PG  - 107986
LID - S0734-9750(22)00082-9 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107986 [doi]
AB  - The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible 
      for the deadly coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) and is a concerning hazard to 
      public health. This virus infects cells by establishing a contact between its 
      spike protein (S-protein) and host human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) 
      receptor, subsequently initiating viral fusion. The inhibition of the interaction 
      between the S-protein and hACE2 has immediately drawn attention amongst the 
      scientific community, and the S-protein was considered the prime target to design 
      vaccines and to develop affinity ligands for diagnostics and therapy. Several 
      S-protein binders have been reported at a fast pace, ranging from antibodies 
      isolated from immunised patients to de novo designed ligands, with some binders 
      already yielding promising in vivo results in protecting against SARS-CoV-2. 
      Natural, engineered and designed affinity ligands targeting the S-protein are 
      herein summarised, focusing on molecular recognition aspects, whilst identifying 
      preferred hot spots for ligand binding. This review serves as inspiration for the 
      improvement of already existing ligands or for the design of new affinity ligands 
      towards SARS-CoV-2 proteins. Lessons learnt from the Covid-19 pandemic are also 
      important to consolidate tools and processes in protein engineering to enable the 
      fast discovery, production and delivery of diagnostic, prophylactic, and 
      therapeutic solutions in future pandemics.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Costa, Carlos F S
AU  - Costa CFS
AD  - Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of 
      Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; 
      UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of 
      Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
FAU - Barbosa, Armenio J M
AU  - Barbosa AJM
AD  - Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of 
      Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; 
      UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of 
      Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
FAU - Dias, Ana Margarida G C
AU  - Dias AMGC
AD  - Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of 
      Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; 
      UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of 
      Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
FAU - Roque, Ana Cecilia A
AU  - Roque ACA
AD  - Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of 
      Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; 
      UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of 
      Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal. 
      Electronic address: cecilia.roque@fct.unl.pt.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
DEP - 20220519
PL  - England
TA  - Biotechnol Adv
JT  - Biotechnology advances
JID - 8403708
RN  - 0 (Ligands)
RN  - 0 (Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus)
RN  - 0 (spike protein, SARS-CoV-2)
SB  - IM
MH  - *COVID-19/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Ligands
MH  - Pandemics
MH  - Protein Binding
MH  - SARS-CoV-2/genetics
MH  - *Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry/genetics/metabolism
PMC - PMC9119173
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - ACE2
OT  - Affinity ligands
OT  - SARS-CoV-2
OT  - Spike
OT  - de novo design
COIS- The authors declare no financial or commercial conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/05/23 06:00
MHDA- 2022/06/09 06:00
PMCR- 2022/05/19
CRDT- 2022/05/22 19:33
PHST- 2021/09/14 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/04/29 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/05/16 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/05/23 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/06/09 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/05/22 19:33 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/05/19 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S0734-9750(22)00082-9 [pii]
AID - 107986 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107986 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Biotechnol Adv. 2022 Oct;59:107986. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107986. Epub 
      2022 May 19.