PMID- 35606588
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220929
LR  - 20220929
IS  - 1614-7499 (Electronic)
IS  - 0944-1344 (Linking)
VI  - 29
IP  - 47
DP  - 2022 Oct
TI  - Effect of dilutant concentration on the performance of environment-friendly mixed 
      refrigerants used in domestic refrigerators.
PG  - 71988-72000
LID - 10.1007/s11356-022-20965-w [doi]
AB  - This paper presents the environment-friendly mixture compositions of hydrocarbons 
      (HC)- and hydrofluorocarbon (HFC)-based ternary mixtures that can be better 
      alternatives for R134a in domestic refrigeration units. Combustible refrigerant 
      HCs (R290, R600, R600a) and HFCs (R152a and R161) are used along with the 
      dilutants R13I1, R245fa, R134a, R227ea, and R125 and their flammability studies 
      were carried out theoretically. Minimum inerting concentration (MIC) is used to 
      classify the flammable and non-flammable zones of the ternary mixtures. MIC 
      points estimated with modified thermal balance method (MTBM) are compared with 62 
      experimental data points available in the literature. It was calculated that MTBM 
      predicted the MIC values with in +/-9%, for most of the working fluids selected in 
      this study. R13I1 is used along with all the refrigerant (HC and HFC) 
      combinations (as the first dilutant) while the effect of other dilutants on the 
      system performance is carried out theoretically. It is predicted from the 
      flammability diagram (developed in this study) that the inert effect of R227ea is 
      higher than of R245fa, R134a, and R125. It is also observed that the drop in 
      coefficient of performance (COP) is significant with R290/R13I1/R245fa (with 
      increase in R245fa) mixture when compared to other combinations. Finally, 
      mixtures R600a/R13I1/R245fa, R600a/R13I1/R227ea, R600a/R13I1/R134a, 
      R600a/R13I1/R125, R161/R13I1/R134a, R290/R13I1/R125, R161/R13I1/R227ea, and 
      R161/R13I1/R125 are identified as the best environment-friendly mixture 
      compositions as alternatives to R134a. It is also calculated that the mixture 
      R600a/R13I1/R125 possesses COP greater than 10% to R134a at the same working 
      conditions.
CI  - (c) 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, 
      part of Springer Nature.
FAU - Kumma, Nagarjuna
AU  - Kumma N
AD  - Low Temperature Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National 
      Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli, Trichy, 620015, India.
FAU - Kruthiventi, Satya Sai Harish
AU  - Kruthiventi SSH
AD  - Low Temperature Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National 
      Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli, Trichy, 620015, India. harish@nitt.edu.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220524
PL  - Germany
TA  - Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
JT  - Environmental science and pollution research international
JID - 9441769
RN  - 0 (Hydrocarbons)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Hydrocarbons
MH  - *Refrigeration
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Environment-friendly
OT  - Flammability
OT  - Hydrocarbons
OT  - Minimum inerting concentration
OT  - R13I1
EDAT- 2022/05/24 06:00
MHDA- 2022/09/30 06:00
CRDT- 2022/05/23 23:27
PHST- 2022/03/11 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/05/16 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/05/24 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/09/30 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/05/23 23:27 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s11356-022-20965-w [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s11356-022-20965-w [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Oct;29(47):71988-72000. doi: 
      10.1007/s11356-022-20965-w. Epub 2022 May 24.