PMID- 35615525
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220716
IS  - 2050-3121 (Print)
IS  - 2050-3121 (Electronic)
IS  - 2050-3121 (Linking)
VI  - 10
DP  - 2022
TI  - A Narrative Review of Current Concerns and Future Perspectives of the 
      Carbohydrate Mouth Rinse Effects on Exercise Performance.
PG  - 20503121221098120
LID - 10.1177/20503121221098120 [doi]
LID - 20503121221098120
AB  - Previous systematic reviews have confirmed that carbohydrate (CHO) mouth rinse 
      may boost physical exercise performance, despite some methodological aspects 
      likely affecting its ergogenic effect. In this review, we discussed if the 
      exercise mode, pre-exercise fasting status, CHO solutions concentration, CHO 
      solutions temperature, mouth rinse duration, and CHO placebo effects may 
      potentially reduce the CHO mouth rinse ergogenic effect, suggesting possible 
      solutions to manage these potential confounders. The effectiveness of CHO mouth 
      rinse as a performance booster is apparently related to the origin of the 
      exercise-induced neuromuscular fatigue, as CHO mouth rinse unequivocally 
      potentiates endurance rather than sprint and strength exercises performance. 
      Furthermore, ergogenic effects have been greater in fasting than fed state, 
      somehow explaining the varied magnitude of the CHO mouth rinse effects in 
      exercise performance. In this regard, the CHO solution concentration and 
      temperature, as well as the mouth rinse duration, may have increased the 
      variability observed in CHO mouth rinse effects in fasting and fed state. 
      Finally, placebo effects have challenged the potential of the CHO mouth rinse as 
      an ergogenic aid. Therefore, we suggest that future studies should consider 
      methodological controls such as sample size and sample homogeneity, proper 
      familiarization with experimental procedures, and the use of alternative placebo 
      designs to provide unbiased evidence regarding the potential of the CHO mouth 
      rinse as an ergogenic aid.
CI  - (c) The Author(s) 2022.
FAU - Painelli, Vitor de Salles
AU  - Painelli VS
AD  - Exercise Psychophysiology Research Group, School of Arts, Sciences and 
      Humanities, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
AD  - Strength Training Study and Research Group, Institute of Health Sciences, 
      Paulista University, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
FAU - Brietzke, Cayque
AU  - Brietzke C
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7557-3140
AD  - Exercise Psychophysiology Research Group, School of Arts, Sciences and 
      Humanities, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
AD  - Human Movement Science and Rehabilitation Program, Federal University of Sao 
      Paulo, Santos, Brazil.
FAU - Franco-Alvarenga, Paulo Estevao
AU  - Franco-Alvarenga PE
AD  - Exercise Psychophysiology Research Group, School of Arts, Sciences and 
      Humanities, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
AD  - Human Movement Science and Rehabilitation Program, Federal University of Sao 
      Paulo, Santos, Brazil.
FAU - Canestri, Raul
AU  - Canestri R
AD  - Exercise Psychophysiology Research Group, School of Arts, Sciences and 
      Humanities, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
FAU - Vinicius, Italo
AU  - Vinicius I
AD  - Exercise Psychophysiology Research Group, School of Arts, Sciences and 
      Humanities, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
FAU - Pires, Flavio Oliveira
AU  - Pires FO
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4538-1751
AD  - Exercise Psychophysiology Research Group, School of Arts, Sciences and 
      Humanities, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
AD  - Human Movement Science and Rehabilitation Program, Federal University of Sao 
      Paulo, Santos, Brazil.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20220513
PL  - England
TA  - SAGE Open Med
JT  - SAGE open medicine
JID - 101624744
PMC - PMC9125602
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Central fatigue
OT  - Nutritional supplementation
OT  - Peripheral fatigue
OT  - Physical tests
OT  - Placebo
COIS- Declaration of conflicting interests: The author(s) declared no potential 
      conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or 
      publication of this article.
EDAT- 2022/05/27 06:00
MHDA- 2022/05/27 06:01
PMCR- 2022/05/13
CRDT- 2022/05/26 02:26
PHST- 2021/12/24 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/04/13 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/05/26 02:26 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/05/27 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/05/27 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/05/13 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1177_20503121221098120 [pii]
AID - 10.1177/20503121221098120 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - SAGE Open Med. 2022 May 13;10:20503121221098120. doi: 10.1177/20503121221098120. 
      eCollection 2022.