PMID- 35624932
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20230916
IS  - 2076-3425 (Print)
IS  - 2076-3425 (Electronic)
IS  - 2076-3425 (Linking)
VI  - 12
IP  - 5
DP  - 2022 Apr 25
TI  - The Impact of Electroconvulsive Therapy on Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia and 
      Their Association with Clinical Outcomes.
LID - 10.3390/brainsci12050545 [doi]
LID - 545
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The treatment efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for negative 
      symptoms amongst patients with schizophrenia remains unclear. In this study, we 
      aim to examine the effects of ECT on negative symptoms in schizophrenia and their 
      association with other clinical outcomes, including cognition and function. 
      METHODS: This is a retrospective data analysis of patients with 
      schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder treated with ECT at the Institute of 
      Mental Health (IMH), Singapore, between January 2016 and December 2019. Clinical 
      outcomes were assessed by the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), the Montreal 
      Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and Global Assessment of Function (GAF). Changes in 
      scores were compared with repeated measures analysis of variance. Sequential 
      structural modelling was utilized to examine the pathway relationships between 
      changes in negative symptoms, global functioning, and cognition functioning after 
      ECT. RESULTS: A total of 340 patients were analysed. Hence, 196 (57.6%), 53 
      (15.5%), and 91 (26.7%) showed improvements, no change, and deterioration in 
      negative symptoms, respectively. ECT-induced improvement of negative symptoms was 
      significantly associated with improvement of global functioning (direct effect 
      correlation coefficient (r): -0.496; se: 0.152; p = 0.001) and cognition function 
      (indirect effect r: -0.077; se: 0.037; p = 0.035). Moreover, having capacity to 
      consent, more severe baseline negative symptoms, lithium prescription, and an 
      indirect effect of voluntary admission status via consent capacity predicted ECT 
      associated negative symptoms improvement. CONCLUSION: ECT is generally associated 
      with improvements of negative symptoms in people with schizophrenia, which 
      correlate with improvements of overall function. Possible novel clinical 
      predictors of negative symptom improvement have been identified and will require 
      further research and validation.
FAU - Tan, Xiaowei
AU  - Tan X
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0807-3418
AD  - Department of Mood Disorder and Anxiety, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore 
      539747, Singapore.
FAU - Martin, Donel
AU  - Martin D
AD  - School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW 2031, 
      Australia.
AD  - Black Dog Institute, Hospital Road, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia.
FAU - Lee, Jimmy
AU  - Lee J
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7724-7445
AD  - Department of Psychosis, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore 539747, Singapore.
AD  - Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 
      636921, Singapore.
FAU - Tor, Phern Chern
AU  - Tor PC
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7972-3030
AD  - Department of Mood Disorder and Anxiety, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore 
      539747, Singapore.
AD  - Neurostimulation Service, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore 539747, 
      Singapore.
AD  - Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 
      169857, Singapore.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220425
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Brain Sci
JT  - Brain sciences
JID - 101598646
PMC - PMC9139352
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - cognitive function
OT  - electroconvulsive therapy
OT  - negative symptoms
OT  - schizophrenia
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/05/29 06:00
MHDA- 2022/05/29 06:01
PMCR- 2022/04/25
CRDT- 2022/05/28 01:03
PHST- 2022/03/28 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/04/13 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/04/22 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/05/28 01:03 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/05/29 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/05/29 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/04/25 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - brainsci12050545 [pii]
AID - brainsci-12-00545 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/brainsci12050545 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Brain Sci. 2022 Apr 25;12(5):545. doi: 10.3390/brainsci12050545.