PMID- 35625735
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220716
IS  - 2227-9059 (Print)
IS  - 2227-9059 (Electronic)
IS  - 2227-9059 (Linking)
VI  - 10
IP  - 5
DP  - 2022 Apr 26
TI  - Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DReSS)/Drug-Induced 
      Hypersensitivity Syndrome (DiHS)-Readdressing the DReSS.
LID - 10.3390/biomedicines10050999 [doi]
LID - 999
AB  - Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DReSS), also known as 
      drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DiHS), is a severe, systemic, T cell 
      mediated drug reaction with combinations of cutaneous, hematologic, and internal 
      organ involvement. Pathogenesis of DReSS is multi-factorial, involving 
      drug-exposure, genetic predisposition through specific human leukocyte antigen 
      (HLA) alleles and metabolism defects, viral reactivation, and immune 
      dysregulation. Clinical features of this condition are delayed, stepwise, and 
      heterogenous, making this syndrome challenging to recognize and diagnose. Two 
      sets of validated diagnostic criteria exist that can be employed to diagnose 
      DReSS/DiHS. Methods to improve early recognition of DReSS and predict disease 
      severity has been a recent area of research focus. In vitro and in vivo tests can 
      be employed to confirm the diagnosis and help identify culprit drugs. The 
      mainstay treatment of DReSS is prompt withdrawal of the culprit drug, supportive 
      treatment, and immunosuppression depending on the severity of disease. We present 
      a comprehensive review on the most recent research and literature on DReSS, with 
      emphasis on pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, confirmatory testing 
      modalities, and treatment. Additionally, this summary aims to highlight the 
      differing viewpoints on this severe disease and broaden our perspective on the 
      condition known as DReSS.
FAU - Stirton, Hannah
AU  - Stirton H
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5592-0240
AD  - Section of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, 
      MB R2M 3Y8, Canada.
AD  - Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, 
      ON M5S 1A1, Canada.
FAU - Shear, Neil H
AU  - Shear NH
AD  - Temerty Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, 
      Canada.
FAU - Dodiuk-Gad, Roni P
AU  - Dodiuk-Gad RP
AD  - Temerty Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, 
      Canada.
AD  - Emek Medical Centre, Afula 1855701, Israel.
AD  - Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Institute of Technology, Haifa 
      3525433, Israel.
LA  - eng
GR  - 410008827/Canadian Dermatology Foundation/
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20220426
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Biomedicines
JT  - Biomedicines
JID - 101691304
PMC - PMC9138571
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - delayed hypersensitivity
OT  - drug reaction
OT  - drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms
OT  - drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome
OT  - human leukocyte antigen (HLA)
OT  - regulatory T cells
OT  - viral reactivation
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the 
      design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in 
      the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.
EDAT- 2022/05/29 06:00
MHDA- 2022/05/29 06:01
PMCR- 2022/04/26
CRDT- 2022/05/28 01:07
PHST- 2022/03/27 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/04/14 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/04/21 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/05/28 01:07 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/05/29 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/05/29 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/04/26 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - biomedicines10050999 [pii]
AID - biomedicines-10-00999 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/biomedicines10050999 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Biomedicines. 2022 Apr 26;10(5):999. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10050999.