PMID- 35632730 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20220531 LR - 20220716 IS - 1999-4915 (Electronic) IS - 1999-4915 (Linking) VI - 14 IP - 5 DP - 2022 May 7 TI - Point-of-Care and Label-Free Detection of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome and Swine Influenza Viruses Using a Microfluidic Device with Photonic Integrated Circuits. LID - 10.3390/v14050988 [doi] LID - 988 AB - Swine viral diseases challenge the sector's sustainability by affecting productivity and the health and welfare of the animals. The lack of antiviral drugs and/or effective vaccines renders early and reliable diagnosis the basis of viral disease management, underlining the importance of point-of-care (POC) diagnostics. A novel POC diagnostic device utilizing photonic integrated circuits (PICs), microfluidics, and information and communication technologies for the detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and swine influenza A (SIV) was validated using spiked and clinical oral fluid samples. Metrics including sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, precision, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) were calculated to assess the performance of the device. For PRRSV, the device achieved a sensitivity of 83.5%, specificity of 77.8%, and DOR values of 17.66, whereas the values for SIV were 81.8%, 82.2%, and 20.81, respectively. The POC device and PICs can be used for the detection of PRRSV and SIV in the field, paving the way for the introduction of novel technologies in the field of animal POC diagnostics to further optimize livestock biosecurity. FAU - Manessis, Georgios AU - Manessis G AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0025-9288 AD - Laboratory of Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens (AUA), Iera Odos 75 Str., 11855 Athens, Greece. FAU - Frant, Maciej AU - Frant M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7169-3735 AD - Department of Swine Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantow Avenue 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland. FAU - Wozniakowski, Grzegorz AU - Wozniakowski G AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1333-4275 AD - Department of Swine Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantow Avenue 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland. AD - Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolas Copernicus University in Torun, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Torun, Poland. FAU - Nannucci, Lapo AU - Nannucci L AD - Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie Alimentari Ambientali e Forestali, Universita Degli Studi di Firenze, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144 Florence, Italy. FAU - Benedetti, Martina AU - Benedetti M AD - Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana 'M. Aleandri', Via Castelpulci 43, 50018 Florence, Italy. FAU - Denes, Lilla AU - Denes L AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0069-4914 AD - Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Istvan Str. 2, 1078 Budapest, Hungary. FAU - Gyula, Balka AU - Gyula B AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2742-173X AD - Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Istvan Str. 2, 1078 Budapest, Hungary. FAU - Gelasakis, Athanasios I AU - Gelasakis AI AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1144-3918 AD - Laboratory of Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens (AUA), Iera Odos 75 Str., 11855 Athens, Greece. FAU - Squires, Clare AU - Squires C AD - Laboratory of Animal Husbandry, Department of Animal Production, School of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece. FAU - Recuero, Sara AU - Recuero S AD - Lumensia Sensors S.L., Camino de Vera, s/n, K-Access, Building 8F 3th-Floor, 46022 Valencia, Spain. FAU - Sanchez, Carlos AU - Sanchez C AD - Lumensia Sensors S.L., Camino de Vera, s/n, K-Access, Building 8F 3th-Floor, 46022 Valencia, Spain. FAU - Griol, Amadeu AU - Griol A AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5428-5713 AD - Nanophotonics Technology Center, Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n Building 8F, 46022 Valencia, Spain. FAU - Giusti, Alessandro AU - Giusti A AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6803-3795 AD - Cyprus Research and Innovation Centre Ltd. (CyRIC), 28th Octovriou Ave 72, Off. 301, Engomi, Nicosia 2414, Cyprus. FAU - Bossis, Ioannis AU - Bossis I AD - Laboratory of Animal Husbandry, Department of Animal Production, School of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20220507 PL - Switzerland TA - Viruses JT - Viruses JID - 101509722 SB - IM MH - Animals MH - *Influenza A virus MH - Lab-On-A-Chip Devices MH - *Orthomyxoviridae Infections/diagnosis/veterinary MH - Point-of-Care Systems MH - *Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome MH - *Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus MH - Swine MH - *Swine Diseases PMC - PMC9144544 OTO - NOTNLM OT - diagnostic odds ratio OT - diagnostics OT - microfluidics OT - oral fluids OT - photonic integrated circuits OT - point of care OT - porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus OT - sensitivity OT - specificity OT - swine influenza A virus OT - validation COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders (EU Horizon 2020 Program) had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results. EDAT- 2022/05/29 06:00 MHDA- 2022/06/01 06:00 PMCR- 2022/05/07 CRDT- 2022/05/28 01:45 PHST- 2022/04/13 00:00 [received] PHST- 2022/05/03 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2022/05/06 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2022/05/28 01:45 [entrez] PHST- 2022/05/29 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/06/01 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2022/05/07 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - v14050988 [pii] AID - viruses-14-00988 [pii] AID - 10.3390/v14050988 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Viruses. 2022 May 7;14(5):988. doi: 10.3390/v14050988.