PMID- 35653883
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220706
LR  - 20220712
IS  - 1875-0834 (Electronic)
IS  - 1760-2734 (Linking)
VI  - 41
DP  - 2022 Jun
TI  - Non-invasive assessment of left ventricular relaxation property using color 
      M-mode-derived intraventricular pressure gradients in cats.
PG  - 236-248
LID - S1760-2734(22)00046-7 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.jvc.2022.03.006 [doi]
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Diastolic dysfunction is an early clinical feature of feline 
      hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). The left ventricular filling in early diastole 
      is facilitated by the diastolic intraventricular pressure gradient (IVPG). The 
      study objectives were to evaluate color Doppler M-mode-derived IVPG calculation 
      in cats as a non-invasive assessment of the left ventricular relaxation 
      property to determine the normal ranges of peak IVPG in cats and investigate the 
      influence of left ventricular function and heart rate (HR). ANIMALS: One hundred 
      and six client-owned apparently healthy cats. METHODS: Prospective 
      cross-sectional study. Quantitative analysis of color Doppler M-mode images was 
      used to estimate total and segmental IVPGs non-invasively. RESULTS: The total 
      IVPG was 0.76 mmHg (95% reference interval (RI): 0.28-1.29 mmHg), the basal IVPG 
      0.34 mmHg (95% RI: 0.07-0.63 mmHg), and the mid-apical IVPG 0.42 mmHg (95% RI: 
      0.15-0.71 mmHg). Total and segmental IVPG increased with HR (P < 0.003), while 
      segmental percent IVPG was HR independent. A short isovolumic relaxation time 
      (IVRT) and a high mitral annular velocity in early diastole were associated with 
      an increase in total IVPG (P = 0.008 and P = 0.009, respectively) adjusted for 
      HR. An increase in IVPG was associated with an increase in mitral inflow velocity 
      (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Feline IVPGs increase with HR and a short IVRT, which 
      was believed to be a normal physiologic adrenergic response associated with an 
      increased sympathetic tone. Future studies of segmental IVPG changes in feline 
      HCM are needed to evaluate the clinical applicability of color Doppler M-mode 
      estimated IVPGs in feline cardiology.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Matsuura, K
AU  - Matsuura K
AD  - Department of Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 
      Japan.
FAU - Bach, M B T
AU  - Bach MBT
AD  - Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical 
      Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark. Electronic address: 
      Maiken.thode@sund.ku.dk.
FAU - Takahashi, K
AU  - Takahashi K
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Japan.
FAU - Willesen, J L
AU  - Willesen JL
AD  - Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical 
      Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
FAU - Koch, J
AU  - Koch J
AD  - Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical 
      Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
FAU - Tanaka, R
AU  - Tanaka R
AD  - Department of Veterinary Surgery, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 
      Japan.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220407
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - J Vet Cardiol
JT  - Journal of veterinary cardiology : the official journal of the European Society 
      of Veterinary Cardiology
JID - 101163270
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/diagnostic imaging/veterinary
MH  - Cat Diseases/diagnostic imaging
MH  - *Cats
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Diastole/physiology
MH  - *Echocardiography, Doppler/veterinary
MH  - Heart Rate
MH  - *Heart Ventricles/diagnostic imaging
MH  - Prospective Studies
MH  - *Ventricular Function, Left/physiology
MH  - Ventricular Pressure/physiology
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Diastole
OT  - Echocardiography
OT  - Feline
OT  - Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
OT  - Suction force
COIS- Conflicts of Interest Statement The authors do not have any conflicts of interest 
      to disclose.
EDAT- 2022/06/03 06:00
MHDA- 2022/07/07 06:00
CRDT- 2022/06/02 18:19
PHST- 2021/08/09 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/03/30 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/03/31 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/06/03 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/07/07 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/06/02 18:19 [entrez]
AID - S1760-2734(22)00046-7 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.jvc.2022.03.006 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Vet Cardiol. 2022 Jun;41:236-248. doi: 10.1016/j.jvc.2022.03.006. Epub 2022 Apr 
      7.