PMID- 35665448
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220808
LR  - 20220808
IS  - 1573-6903 (Electronic)
IS  - 0364-3190 (Linking)
VI  - 47
IP  - 8
DP  - 2022 Aug
TI  - Tetramethylpyrazine Attenuates Cognitive Impairment Via Suppressing Oxidative 
      Stress, Neuroinflammation, and Apoptosis in Type 2 Diabetic Rats.
PG  - 2431-2444
LID - 10.1007/s11064-022-03640-x [doi]
AB  - Cognitive dysfunction is an important complication observed in type 2 diabetes 
      mellitus (T2DM) patients. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) is known to exhibit 
      anti-diabetic and neuroprotective properties. Therefore, the present study aimed 
      to investigate the possible therapeutic effects of TMP against type 2 
      diabetes-associated cognitive impairment in rats. High-fat diet (HFD) followed by 
      a low dose of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg) was used to induce diabetes in 
      Sprague-Dawley rats. TMP (20, 40, and 80 mg/kg) and Pioglitazone (10 mg/kg) were 
      administered for 4 weeks. The Morris water maze (MWM) and novel objective 
      recognition task (NOR) tests were used to assess memory function. Fasting blood 
      glucose (FBG), lipid profile, HOMA-IR, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and 
      glucose tolerance were measured. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and choline 
      acetytransferase (ChAT) activity, acetylcholine (ACh) levels, oxidative stress, 
      apoptotic (Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3), and inflammatory markers (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and 
      NF-kbeta) were assessed. BDNF, p-AKT, and p-CREB levels were also measured. In the 
      present work, we observed that treatment of diabetic rats with TMP alleviated 
      learning and memory deficits, improved insulin sensitivity, and attenuated 
      hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. Furthermore, treatment with TMP increased BDNF, 
      p-Akt, and p-CREB levels, normalized cholinergic dysfunction, and suppressed 
      oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptotic markers in the hippocampus. Collectively, 
      our results suggest that the TMP may be an effective neuroprotective agent in 
      alleviating type 2 diabetes-associated cognitive deficits.
CI  - (c) 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business 
      Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
FAU - Dhaliwal, Jatinder
AU  - Dhaliwal J
AD  - Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), 
      Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
FAU - Dhaliwal, Navneet
AU  - Dhaliwal N
AD  - Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), 
      Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
FAU - Akhtar, Ansab
AU  - Akhtar A
AD  - Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), 
      Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
FAU - Kuhad, Anurag
AU  - Kuhad A
AD  - Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), 
      Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
FAU - Chopra, Kanwaljit
AU  - Chopra K
AD  - Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), 
      Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India. dr_chopra_k@yahoo.com.
AD  - Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences 
      (UIPS), UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, 
      India. dr_chopra_k@yahoo.com.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220604
PL  - United States
TA  - Neurochem Res
JT  - Neurochemical research
JID - 7613461
RN  - 0 (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor)
RN  - 0 (Pyrazines)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.1 (Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt)
RN  - EC 3.1.1.7 (Acetylcholinesterase)
RN  - V80F4IA5XG (tetramethylpyrazine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Acetylcholinesterase
MH  - Animals
MH  - Apoptosis
MH  - Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism
MH  - *Cognitive Dysfunction/drug therapy
MH  - *Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications/drug therapy
MH  - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications/drug therapy
MH  - Maze Learning
MH  - Neuroinflammatory Diseases
MH  - Oxidative Stress
MH  - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
MH  - Pyrazines
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Sprague-Dawley
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - BDNF
OT  - CREB
OT  - Cognitive decline
OT  - Diabetes
OT  - Oxidative stress
OT  - Tetramethylpyrazine
EDAT- 2022/06/07 06:00
MHDA- 2022/08/09 06:00
CRDT- 2022/06/06 14:30
PHST- 2022/01/12 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/05/17 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/05/14 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/06/07 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/08/09 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/06/06 14:30 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s11064-022-03640-x [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s11064-022-03640-x [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Neurochem Res. 2022 Aug;47(8):2431-2444. doi: 10.1007/s11064-022-03640-x. Epub 
      2022 Jun 4.