PMID- 35672736
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220609
LR  - 20220716
IS  - 1471-244X (Electronic)
IS  - 1471-244X (Linking)
VI  - 22
IP  - 1
DP  - 2022 Jun 7
TI  - Risk factors of sleep paralysis in a population of Polish students.
PG  - 383
LID - 10.1186/s12888-022-04003-0 [doi]
LID - 383
AB  - BACKGROUND: Sleep paralysis (SP) is a transitional dissociative state associated 
      with the REM sleep phase that affects approximately 28.3% of the student 
      population during their lifetime. The reasons for the high prevalence of SP in 
      the student population are not entirely clear. Research indicates possible 
      influencing factors such as the intensification of anxiety symptoms, a tendency 
      to worry, the presence of PTSD symptoms, and behavioral factors such as the 
      consumption of psychoactive substances (caffeine, alcohol, nicotine), sleep 
      deprivations and poor sleep hygiene. The study aimed to assess the prevalence of 
      SP and determine the risk factors for the occurrence of SP in the population of 
      Polish students. METHODS: The study used a battery online consisting of a set of 
      questionnaires 1) a personal questionnaire, 2) the SP-EPQ, 3) the PCL -5, 4) the 
      STAI-T, 5) the PSWQ. The questionnaire was sent via Facebook to 4500 randomly 
      selected students from different universities in Poland. The questionnaire was 
      completed by 2598 students. To unify the participant sample, people over 35 were 
      excluded from the study (45 students). Ultimately, data from 2553 students were 
      analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 33.14% of individuals experienced at least one 
      episode of SP in their lives. The highest odds ratio for SP was associated with: 
      the presence of three or more health problems (OR: 2.3; p = 0.002), the presence 
      of any mental disorder (OR: 1.77; p = 0.002), including mood disorders (OR: 2.07; 
      p = 0.002), suffering from at least one somatic disease (OR: 1.34; p = 0.002), a 
      high level of anxiety as a constant personality trait (OR: 1.20; p = 0.035) and 
      smoking (OR: 1.48; p = 0.0002), alcohol consumption (OR: 1.52; p < 0.0001), 
      physical activity (OR: 1.31; p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The results of our research 
      indicate that a large proportion of students experienced isolated sleep 
      paralysis. Mental and somatic health problems and lifestyle factors were found to 
      predispose individuals to this disorder. Due to the numerous risk factors for SP, 
      it is necessary to conduct additional research to confirm the impact of these 
      factors and to investigate the mechanisms of their influence on SP.
CI  - (c) 2022. The Author(s).
FAU - Wrobel-Knybel, Paulina
AU  - Wrobel-Knybel P
AD  - I Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical 
      University of Lublin, Gluska 1 Street, 20-439, Lublin, Poland. 
      paulinawrobelknybel@umlub.pl.
FAU - Flis, Michal
AU  - Flis M
AD  - I Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical 
      University of Lublin, Gluska 1 Street, 20-439, Lublin, Poland.
FAU - Rog, Joanna
AU  - Rog J
AD  - I Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical 
      University of Lublin, Gluska 1 Street, 20-439, Lublin, Poland.
FAU - Jalal, Baland
AU  - Jalal B
AD  - Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 33 Kirkland St, Cambridge, MA, 
      02138, USA.
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 
      3EB, UK.
FAU - Karakula-Juchnowicz, Hanna
AU  - Karakula-Juchnowicz H
AD  - I Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical 
      University of Lublin, Gluska 1 Street, 20-439, Lublin, Poland.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220607
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Psychiatry
JT  - BMC psychiatry
JID - 100968559
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - Poland/epidemiology
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - *Sleep Paralysis/epidemiology
MH  - Students
MH  - Surveys and Questionnaires
MH  - Universities
PMC - PMC9171979
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Anxiety
OT  - Health status
OT  - Mental disorder
OT  - PTSD
OT  - Parasomnia
OT  - Sleep
OT  - Sleep disorder
OT  - Sleep paralysis
OT  - Sport
OT  - Worry
COIS- The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
EDAT- 2022/06/08 06:00
MHDA- 2022/06/10 06:00
PMCR- 2022/06/07
CRDT- 2022/06/07 23:42
PHST- 2021/10/13 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/05/17 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/06/07 23:42 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/06/08 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/06/10 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/06/07 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1186/s12888-022-04003-0 [pii]
AID - 4003 [pii]
AID - 10.1186/s12888-022-04003-0 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - BMC Psychiatry. 2022 Jun 7;22(1):383. doi: 10.1186/s12888-022-04003-0.