PMID- 35673478
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20230916
IS  - 2251-6581 (Print)
IS  - 2251-6581 (Electronic)
IS  - 2251-6581 (Linking)
VI  - 21
IP  - 1
DP  - 2022 Jun
TI  - The effects of metformin monotherapy and combination of metformin and 
      glibenclamide therapy on the expression of RAGE, Sirt1, and Nrf2 genes in 
      peripheral blood mononuclear cells of type 2 diabetic patients.
PG  - 369-377
LID - 10.1007/s40200-022-00984-7 [doi]
AB  - PURPOSE: Although metformin is the first-line treatment of type 2 diabetes 
      mellitus (T2DM), a few studies have evaluated the benefits of monotherapies 
      (metformin) versus combination therapy (metformin and glibenclamide) for 
      treatment of T2DM patients. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of 
      monotherapy with metformin compared to combination therapy with metformin and 
      glibenclamide on the expression of RAGE, Nrf 2, and Sirt1genes. METHODS: 
      EightyT2DM patients and 40 healthy individuals participated in this case-control 
      study. The patients in the treatment group were divided into two groups who 
      received either metformin alone (n = 40) or metformin in combination with 
      glibenclamide (n = 40). FBS, HbA1c, and fructosamine were measured. The 
      expression of RAGE, Nrf 2, and Sirt 1 genes in PBMC of all subjects were assessed 
      using real-time PCR. RESULTS: RAGE gene expression in both treatment groups was 
      significantly lower than the control (P < 0.05). RAGE gene expression was 
      significantly reduced in the combination of metformin and glibenclamide treated 
      group compared to metformin group (P < 0.05). Additionally, the expression of 
      Sirt 1 and Nrf 2 genes in both treatment groups was higher than that of the 
      control group (P < 0.05). The expression of Sirt 1 and Nrf 2 genes in metformin 
      and glibenclamide treated group were higher than the metformin group (P < 0.05). 
      CONCLUSION: Combination therapy (metformin and glibenclamide) showed stronger 
      effect on repression of the RAGE gene and activation of Nrf 2 and Sirt 1 genes 
      compared to monotherapy (metformin); therefore, it can be concluded that 
      combination therapy may have more protective effects on the T2DM patients. No 
      significant correlation was observed between HbA1c and RAGE, Sirt 1, and Nrf 2 
      genes expression.
CI  - (c) Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.
FAU - Hosseinipoor, Hashem
AU  - Hosseinipoor H
AD  - Department of Biochemistry, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, 
      Iran. GRID: grid.469938.9
FAU - Kariminejad, Seyed Yousef
AU  - Kariminejad SY
AD  - Department of Biochemistry, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, 
      Iran. GRID: grid.469938.9
FAU - Salehi, Moharram
AU  - Salehi M
AD  - Department of Biochemistry, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, 
      Iran. GRID: grid.469938.9
FAU - Heidari, Mozhdeh
AU  - Heidari M
AD  - Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. 
      GRID: grid.412571.4. ISNI: 0000 0000 8819 4698
FAU - Goodarzi, Mohammad Taghi
AU  - Goodarzi MT
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5546-5812
AD  - Department of Biochemistry, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, 
      Iran. GRID: grid.469938.9
FAU - Karimi, Mohammad Hossein
AU  - Karimi MH
AD  - Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. 
      GRID: grid.412571.4. ISNI: 0000 0000 8819 4698
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220210
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - J Diabetes Metab Disord
JT  - Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders
JID - 101590741
PMC - PMC9167355
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Hyperglycemia. Diabetes. Metformin. Glibenclamide. Receptor for advanced 
      glycation end products
COIS- Conflict of interestOn behalf of all authors, the corresponding authors states 
      that there is no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/06/09 06:00
MHDA- 2022/06/09 06:01
PMCR- 2023/02/10
CRDT- 2022/06/08 01:57
PHST- 2021/11/29 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/01/20 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/06/08 01:57 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/06/09 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/06/09 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2023/02/10 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 984 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s40200-022-00984-7 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2022 Feb 10;21(1):369-377. doi: 
      10.1007/s40200-022-00984-7. eCollection 2022 Jun.