PMID- 35682724
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220613
LR  - 20220716
IS  - 1422-0067 (Electronic)
IS  - 1422-0067 (Linking)
VI  - 23
IP  - 11
DP  - 2022 May 27
TI  - Determination of IgG1 and IgG3 SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein and Nucleocapsid 
      Binding-Who Is Binding Who and Why?
LID - 10.3390/ijms23116050 [doi]
LID - 6050
AB  - The involvement of immunoglobulin (Ig) G3 in the humoral immune response to 
      SARS-CoV-2 infection has been implicated in the pathogenesis of acute respiratory 
      distress syndrome (ARDS) in COVID-19. The exact molecular mechanism is unknown, 
      but it is thought to involve this IgG subtype's differential ability to fix, 
      complement and stimulate cytokine release. We examined the binding of 
      convalescent patient antibodies to immobilized nucleocapsids and spike proteins 
      by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-ToF) mass 
      spectrometry. IgG3 was a major immunoglobulin found in all samples. Differential 
      analysis of the spectral signatures found for the nucleocapsid versus the spike 
      protein demonstrated that the predominant humoral immune response to the 
      nucleocapsid was IgG3, whilst for the spike protein it was IgG1. However, the 
      spike protein displayed a strong affinity for IgG3 itself, as it would bind from 
      control plasma samples, as well as from those previously infected with 
      SARS-CoV-2, similar to the way protein G binds IgG1. Furthermore, detailed 
      spectral analysis indicated that a mass shift consistent with hyper-glycosylation 
      or glycation was a characteristic of the IgG3 captured by the spike protein.
FAU - Iles, Jason K
AU  - Iles JK
AD  - MAPSciences, The iLab, Stannard Way, Bedford MK44 3RZ, UK.
AD  - Laboratory of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of 
      Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK.
FAU - Zmuidinaite, Raminta
AU  - Zmuidinaite R
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7728-6623
AD  - MAPSciences, The iLab, Stannard Way, Bedford MK44 3RZ, UK.
AD  - Laboratory of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of 
      Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK.
FAU - Sadee, Christoph
AU  - Sadee C
AD  - The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK.
AD  - Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, 
      Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK.
FAU - Gardiner, Anna
AU  - Gardiner A
AD  - MAPSciences, The iLab, Stannard Way, Bedford MK44 3RZ, UK.
FAU - Lacey, Jonathan
AU  - Lacey J
AD  - MAPSciences, The iLab, Stannard Way, Bedford MK44 3RZ, UK.
FAU - Harding, Stephen
AU  - Harding S
AD  - The Binding Site Group Ltd., 8 Calthorpe Road, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 1QT, UK.
FAU - Wallis, Gregg
AU  - Wallis G
AD  - The Binding Site Group Ltd., 8 Calthorpe Road, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 1QT, UK.
FAU - Patel, Roshani
AU  - Patel R
AD  - The Binding Site Group Ltd., 8 Calthorpe Road, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 1QT, UK.
FAU - Roblett, Debra
AU  - Roblett D
AD  - The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK.
FAU - Heeney, Jonathan
AU  - Heeney J
AD  - Laboratory of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of 
      Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK.
AD  - DIOSynVax, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK.
FAU - Baxendale, Helen
AU  - Baxendale H
AD  - Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK.
FAU - Iles, Ray Kruse
AU  - Iles RK
AD  - MAPSciences, The iLab, Stannard Way, Bedford MK44 3RZ, UK.
AD  - Laboratory of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of 
      Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK.
AD  - NISAD, Sundstorget 2, 252-21 Helsingborg, Sweden.
LA  - eng
GR  - G107217/National Institute for Health Research/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220527
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Int J Mol Sci
JT  - International journal of molecular sciences
JID - 101092791
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Viral)
RN  - 0 (Immunoglobulin G)
RN  - 0 (Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus)
RN  - 0 (spike protein, SARS-CoV-2)
SB  - IM
MH  - Antibodies, Viral
MH  - *COVID-19
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunoglobulin G
MH  - Nucleocapsid
MH  - SARS-CoV-2
MH  - *Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
PMC - PMC9181569
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - COVID-19
OT  - IgG1
OT  - IgG3
OT  - convalescent plasma
OT  - nucleocapsid
OT  - predictive profile
OT  - spike protein
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the 
      design of the study, in the collection, analyses or interpretation of data, in 
      the writing of the manuscript or in the decision to publish the results.
EDAT- 2022/06/11 06:00
MHDA- 2022/06/14 06:00
PMCR- 2022/05/27
CRDT- 2022/06/10 01:14
PHST- 2022/03/18 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/05/24 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/05/25 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/06/10 01:14 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/06/11 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/06/14 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/05/27 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ijms23116050 [pii]
AID - ijms-23-06050 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ijms23116050 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Int J Mol Sci. 2022 May 27;23(11):6050. doi: 10.3390/ijms23116050.