PMID- 35685279
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220716
IS  - 1664-042X (Print)
IS  - 1664-042X (Electronic)
IS  - 1664-042X (Linking)
VI  - 13
DP  - 2022
TI  - Osmoregulation and the Hypothalamic Supraoptic Nucleus: From Genes to Functions.
PG  - 887779
LID - 10.3389/fphys.2022.887779 [doi]
LID - 887779
AB  - Due to the relatively high permeability to water of the plasma membrane, water 
      tends to equilibrate its chemical potential gradient between the intra and 
      extracellular compartments. Because of this, changes in osmolality of the 
      extracellular fluid are accompanied by changes in the cell volume. Therefore, 
      osmoregulatory mechanisms have evolved to keep the tonicity of the extracellular 
      compartment within strict limits. This review focuses on the following aspects of 
      osmoregulation: 1) the general problems in adjusting the "milieu interieur" to 
      challenges imposed by water imbalance, with emphasis on conceptual aspects of 
      osmosis and cell volume regulation; 2) osmosensation and the hypothalamic 
      supraoptic nucleus (SON), starting with analysis of the electrophysiological 
      responses of the magnocellular neurosecretory cells (MNCs) involved in the 
      osmoreception phenomenon; 3) transcriptomic plasticity of SON during sustained 
      hyperosmolality, to pinpoint the genes coding membrane channels and transporters 
      already shown to participate in the osmosensation and new candidates that may 
      have their role further investigated in this process, with emphasis on those 
      expressed in the MNCs, discussing the relationships of hydration state, gene 
      expression, and MNCs electrical activity; and 4) somatodendritic release of 
      neuropeptides in relation to osmoregulation. Finally, we expect that by stressing 
      the relationship between gene expression and the electrical activity of MNCs, 
      studies about the newly discovered plastic-regulated genes that code channels and 
      transporters in the SON may emerge.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2022 Mecawi, Varanda and da Silva.
FAU - Mecawi, Andre Souza
AU  - Mecawi AS
AD  - Laboratory of Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Department of Biophysics, Paulista 
      School of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
FAU - Varanda, Wamberto Antonio
AU  - Varanda WA
AD  - Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of 
      Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.
FAU - da Silva, Melina Pires
AU  - da Silva MP
AD  - Laboratory of Cellular Neuroendocrinology, Department of Biophysics, Paulista 
      School of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20220524
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Physiol
JT  - Frontiers in physiology
JID - 101549006
PMC - PMC9171026
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - gene plasticity
OT  - ions channels
OT  - magnocellular neurosecretory cells
OT  - osmoregulation
OT  - supraoptic nucleus
OT  - transporters
COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any 
      commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a conflict of 
      interest.
EDAT- 2022/06/11 06:00
MHDA- 2022/06/11 06:01
PMCR- 2022/05/24
CRDT- 2022/06/10 02:27
PHST- 2022/03/02 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/04/18 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/06/10 02:27 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/06/11 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/06/11 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/05/24 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 887779 [pii]
AID - 10.3389/fphys.2022.887779 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Physiol. 2022 May 24;13:887779. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.887779. eCollection 
      2022.