PMID- 35688042
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220621
LR  - 20220621
IS  - 1879-3231 (Electronic)
IS  - 0093-691X (Linking)
VI  - 188
DP  - 2022 Aug
TI  - Dietary supplementation with metformin improves testis function and semen quality 
      and increases antioxidants and autophagy capacity in goats.
PG  - 79-89
LID - S0093-691X(22)00211-4 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.05.030 [doi]
AB  - ATP is essential for mammalian sperm to maintain fertilizing capacity. Metformin 
      (Met) can activate 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) to maintain energy 
      homeostasis. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether Met 
      can improve testis function, semen quality, antioxidant and autophagy capacity 
      through AMPK mediation of energy metabolism in goats. Twelve adult goats were 
      randomly divided into three dietary treatments. All goats were fed a basal diet 
      for 3 weeks and then assigned to a Met supplementation diet containing 0, 150, or 
      300 mg/kg for 8 weeks. The results showed that sperm viability, sperm membranal 
      functional integrity, and acrosome integrity increased (P < 0.05) relative to the 
      other treatments in the 300 mg/kg Met group. Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like 
      growth factor (IGF-1) in the 300 mg/kg Met group significantly decreased 
      (P < 0.05) relative to the control group. Estrogen levels (E(2)) in the 300 mg/kg 
      Met group remarkably improved (P < 0.05) compared with the control group. The 
      activities of the antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase 
      (GSH-px), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) significantly increased (P < 0.05) in 
      the 300 mg/kg Met group relative to the control group. A significant increase in 
      AMPK and p-AMPK protein expression in the 300 mg/kg Met group was observed 
      relative to the control group (P < 0.05). Belicin-1 and LC3II/I protein 
      expression was significantly increased by adding Met to the diet (P < 0.05) and 
      reached a maximum in the 300 mg/kg Met group. In addition, differentially 
      expressed genes (DEGs) of goat testis were confirmed by RNA-seq. GO enrichment 
      analysis revealed that DEGs were enriched in testicular metabolism and sperm 
      development-related functional pathways. Overall, the results indicate that Met 
      may play an important role in the regulation of testis function, semen quality, 
      antioxidant, and autophagy capacity. These findings will help elucidate the role 
      of Met in goat testis development.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Zhao, Jie
AU  - Zhao J
AD  - Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, 
      Nanjing, 210095, China.
FAU - Yang, Peng-Cheng
AU  - Yang PC
AD  - Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, 
      Nanjing, 210095, China.
FAU - Yang, Hua
AU  - Yang H
AD  - Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, 
      Nanjing, 210095, China.
FAU - Wang, Zhi-Bo
AU  - Wang ZB
AD  - Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, 
      Nanjing, 210095, China.
FAU - El-Samahy, M A
AU  - El-Samahy MA
AD  - Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, 
      Nanjing, 210095, China; Animal Production Research Institute, ARC, Ministry of 
      Agriculture, Giza, 12618, Egypt.
FAU - Wang, Feng
AU  - Wang F
AD  - Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, 
      Nanjing, 210095, China.
FAU - Zhang, Yan-Li
AU  - Zhang YL
AD  - Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, 
      Nanjing, 210095, China. Electronic address: zhangyanli@njau.edu.cn.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Randomized Controlled Trial, Veterinary
DEP - 20220602
PL  - United States
TA  - Theriogenology
JT  - Theriogenology
JID - 0421510
RN  - 0 (Antioxidants)
RN  - 9100L32L2N (Metformin)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.31 (AMP-Activated Protein Kinases)
SB  - IM
MH  - AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antioxidants/metabolism
MH  - Autophagy
MH  - Dietary Supplements
MH  - Goats/physiology
MH  - Male
MH  - *Metformin/pharmacology
MH  - *Semen Analysis/veterinary
MH  - Spermatozoa/physiology
MH  - Testis/metabolism
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Apoptosis
OT  - Autophagy
OT  - Go analysis
OT  - Male reproductive function
OT  - Metabolism
COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no competing 
      interests.
EDAT- 2022/06/11 06:00
MHDA- 2022/06/22 06:00
CRDT- 2022/06/10 18:24
PHST- 2021/11/19 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/04/10 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/05/30 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/06/11 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/06/22 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/06/10 18:24 [entrez]
AID - S0093-691X(22)00211-4 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.05.030 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Theriogenology. 2022 Aug;188:79-89. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.05.030. 
      Epub 2022 Jun 2.