PMID- 35692784
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220716
IS  - 2234-943X (Print)
IS  - 2234-943X (Electronic)
IS  - 2234-943X (Linking)
VI  - 12
DP  - 2022
TI  - Primary Neuroendocrine Tumor of the Breast: Current Understanding and Future 
      Perspectives.
PG  - 848485
LID - 10.3389/fonc.2022.848485 [doi]
LID - 848485
AB  - Primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the breast (NECB) is characterized with 
      heterogeneity, rarity, and poor differentiation, which is probably an 
      underestimated subtype of breast cancer, including small cell NECs and large cell 
      NECs. The diagnostic criteria for NECB have been constantly updated as the 
      disease changes and the understanding increases. According to the latest WHO 
      Classification, primary neuroendocrine neoplasm (NEN) of the breast consists of 
      well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NET), extremely aggressive 
      neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC) as well as invasive breast cancers of no special 
      type (IBCs-NST) with neuroendocrine differentiation. The accurate diagnosis of 
      NECB remains a challenge for its low incidence, which needs multi-disciplinary 
      methods. For the rarity of the disease, there is a lack of large samples and 
      prospective clinical research. For these invasive tumors, there are no 
      standardized therapeutic guidelines or norms, and the treatment often refers to 
      nonspecific breast cancer. In addition, the prognosis of such patients remains 
      unknown. In 2003, the World Health Organization (WHO) listed NECB as an 
      independent entity for the first time, while few features of NECB were clarified. 
      In this review, it presents the WHO Classification, clinicopathologic 
      characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of these patients. In 
      addition, it summarizes the latest studies on molecular features of NECB, aiming 
      to provide new therapeutic perspectives for the disease.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2022 Sun, Dai, Xu, Liu, Yu and Sun.
FAU - Sun, Hongna
AU  - Sun H
AD  - Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, 
      Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China.
FAU - Dai, Shuang
AU  - Dai S
AD  - Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan 
      University, Chengdu, China.
FAU - Xu, Junnan
AU  - Xu J
AD  - Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, 
      Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China.
FAU - Liu, Linan
AU  - Liu L
AD  - Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning 
      Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
FAU - Yu, Jiaxing
AU  - Yu J
AD  - Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, 
      Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China.
FAU - Sun, Tao
AU  - Sun T
AD  - Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, 
      Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20220525
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Oncol
JT  - Frontiers in oncology
JID - 101568867
PMC - PMC9174548
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - clinicopathologic characteristics
OT  - diagnosis
OT  - literature review
OT  - neuroendocrine neoplasia
OT  - primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the breast
OT  - prognosis
OT  - treatment
COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any 
      commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential 
      conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/06/14 06:00
MHDA- 2022/06/14 06:01
PMCR- 2022/01/01
CRDT- 2022/06/13 03:04
PHST- 2022/01/04 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/04/14 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/06/13 03:04 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/06/14 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/06/14 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fonc.2022.848485 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Oncol. 2022 May 25;12:848485. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.848485. eCollection 
      2022.