PMID- 35699876
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20221026
LR  - 20221026
IS  - 1614-7499 (Electronic)
IS  - 0944-1344 (Print)
IS  - 0944-1344 (Linking)
VI  - 29
IP  - 52
DP  - 2022 Nov
TI  - A comparative analysis of renewable and non-renewable energy generation to 
      relegate CO(2) emissions and general costs in household systems.
PG  - 78795-78808
LID - 10.1007/s11356-022-21121-0 [doi]
AB  - Ensuring adequate implementation of solar energy for providing 
      environment-friendly energy to the household sector, which can considerably abate 
      pollutants in the environment and make power industry structure sustainable, is 
      necessary for developing countries. Comparison in terms of environmental and cost 
      impacts of renewable energy (hybrid solar system) with non-renewable energy 
      sources, water and planning development authority (WAPDA), and diesel generators 
      (DGs) has been examined in the household sector of Pakistan. Primary data of 
      hybrid solar systems have been obtained from 10 different households segregated 
      them into two categories according to their income as medium-income households 
      (MIHs) and lower income households (LIHs) containing 5 kW and 3 kW of hybrid 
      solar energy systems, respectively. While operating with a hybrid solar energy 
      system instead of a non-renewable energy system, in terms of average generated 
      power and average running load, carbon dioxide (CO(2)) emissions can be reduced 
      up to 8,446.6 kg CO(2) and 6,131.725 kg CO(2), respectively, in the next 
      25 years. Comparison of costs indicated that renewable energy has a comparatively 
      low cost per electric unit. It can pay back its total installation cost in just 
      8 years and can save a sum of $4,936.4375, along with many more ecological, 
      economic, and societal benefits. Pakistan can efficiently utilize solar energy to 
      relegate CO(2) emissions and general costs as it has distinct geographical 
      features to access sunlight in most days of the year.
CI  - (c) 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, 
      part of Springer Nature.
FAU - Hussain, Mudassar
AU  - Hussain M
AD  - School of Economics and Management, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 
      Nanjing, 210094, People's Republic of China.
AD  - Hailey College of Commerce, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, 
      Lahore, 54590, Punjab, Pakistan.
FAU - Sultan, Manzoor
AU  - Sultan M
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of 
      Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
AD  - Department of Physics, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
FAU - Uzma, Faiza
AU  - Uzma F
AD  - Department of Physics, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
AD  - Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of 
      Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.
AD  - Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, 
      University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.
FAU - Longsheng, Cheng
AU  - Longsheng C
AD  - School of Economics and Management, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 
      Nanjing, 210094, People's Republic of China. mudassar.qasms@gmail.com.
FAU - Malik, Muhammad Yousaf
AU  - Malik MY
AD  - Insititute of South-South Cooperation and Development, Peking University, 
      Beijing, China.
AD  - Humber College, Ontario, Canada.
FAU - Butt, Abdul Rahman
AU  - Butt AR
AD  - School of Public Affairs, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 
      230026, People's Republic of China.
FAU - Sajjad, Aqsa
AU  - Sajjad A
AD  - School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Science and Technology of 
      China, Hefei, China.
AD  - Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, 
      Islamabad, Pakistan.
FAU - Younis, Ijaz
AU  - Younis I
AD  - School of Economics and Management, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 
      Nanjing, 210094, People's Republic of China.
FAU - Imran, Muhammad
AU  - Imran M
AD  - Department of Physics, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
AD  - Environment and Energy Material, School of Materials Science and Engineering, 
      Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
LA  - eng
GR  - (71271114)/National Nature Science Foundation of China/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220614
PL  - Germany
TA  - Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
JT  - Environmental science and pollution research international
JID - 9441769
RN  - 142M471B3J (Carbon Dioxide)
RN  - 0 (Environmental Pollutants)
RN  - 059QF0KO0R (Water)
SB  - IM
MH  - Carbon Dioxide/analysis
MH  - Renewable Energy
MH  - *Solar Energy
MH  - *Environmental Pollutants
MH  - Water
MH  - Economic Development
PMC - PMC9192338
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - CO2 emissions
OT  - Cost analysis
OT  - Energy efficiency
OT  - Household comparison
OT  - Hybrid solar
OT  - Renewable energy
COIS- All the authors declare no conflict of interest and give their consent for the 
      publication of this article. The authors declare no competing interests.
EDAT- 2022/06/15 06:00
MHDA- 2022/10/27 06:00
PMCR- 2022/06/14
CRDT- 2022/06/14 11:19
PHST- 2022/01/08 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/05/23 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/06/15 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/10/27 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/06/14 11:19 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/06/14 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1007/s11356-022-21121-0 [pii]
AID - 21121 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s11356-022-21121-0 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Nov;29(52):78795-78808. doi: 
      10.1007/s11356-022-21121-0. Epub 2022 Jun 14.