PMID- 35713715
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220621
LR  - 20220621
IS  - 1573-2959 (Electronic)
IS  - 0167-6369 (Linking)
VI  - 194
IP  - 7
DP  - 2022 Jun 17
TI  - Microplastic pollution in the surface water and sediments from Kallar Kahar 
      wetland, Pakistan: occurrence, distribution, and characterization by ATR-FTIR.
PG  - 511
LID - 10.1007/s10661-022-10171-z [doi]
AB  - This study reports the distribution of microplastics in surface water and 
      sediments collected from Kallar Kahar wetland, Punjab, Pakistan, which is a game 
      reserve and hosts migratory birds during winter season. Microplastics were 
      extracted using density separation and wet oxidation method. The microplastics 
      identification was done under a stereo-microscope, and their polymer compositions 
      were characterized using an attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform 
      infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. The average abundance of microplastics in water 
      and sediment samples was 88 +/- 14.5 items/L and 5720 +/- 2580 items/kg, 
      respectively. The dominant shape groups of microplastics in water were fiber 
      (58.7%), irregular fragments (32.4%), and beads (8.7%) with dominant colors as 
      transparent > black > yellow  approximately  white > red > green > pink > blue. Similar 
      distribution in sediments was found, i.e., fiber (61.2%), irregular fragments 
      (28.4%), and beads (10.3%) with dominant colors as 
      transparent > pink > white > red  approximately  black > blue > brown > green  approximately  yellow. The 
      ATR-FTIR spectra of visible microplastics were identified to be polypropylene 
      (PP), high density polyethylene (HDPE), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), low density 
      polyethylene (LDPE), nitrile, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), latex, and 
      polyethylene terephthalate (PETE). In the study area, recreational activities, 
      improper waste disposal, and runoff from catchment areas are the main reasons for 
      the contamination of microplastics in the Lake. The pollution load can be 
      minimized by taking measures such as creating awareness, promotion of ecotourism, 
      and reducing plastic use.
CI  - (c) 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
FAU - Dilshad, Aqsa
AU  - Dilshad A
AD  - Sulaiman Bin Abdullah Aba Al-Khail-Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic 
      Sciences (SA-CIRBS), International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
FAU - Taneez, Mehwish
AU  - Taneez M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8450-2224
AD  - Sulaiman Bin Abdullah Aba Al-Khail-Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic 
      Sciences (SA-CIRBS), International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. 
      mehtaneez@gmail.com.
FAU - Younas, Farhan
AU  - Younas F
AD  - Sulaiman Bin Abdullah Aba Al-Khail-Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic 
      Sciences (SA-CIRBS), International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
FAU - Jabeen, Asma
AU  - Jabeen A
AD  - Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, 
      Pakistan.
FAU - Rafiq, Muhammad Tariq
AU  - Rafiq MT
AD  - Sulaiman Bin Abdullah Aba Al-Khail-Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic 
      Sciences (SA-CIRBS), International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
FAU - Fatimah, Hina
AU  - Fatimah H
AD  - Department of Environmental Sciences, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, 
      Pakistan.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220617
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Environ Monit Assess
JT  - Environmental monitoring and assessment
JID - 8508350
RN  - 0 (Microplastics)
RN  - 0 (Plastics)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
RN  - 059QF0KO0R (Water)
RN  - 9002-88-4 (Polyethylene)
SB  - IM
MH  - Environmental Monitoring/methods
MH  - Fourier Analysis
MH  - Geologic Sediments/chemistry
MH  - *Microplastics
MH  - Pakistan
MH  - Plastics/chemistry
MH  - Polyethylene/analysis
MH  - Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
MH  - Water
MH  - *Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis
MH  - Wetlands
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Kallar Kahar Lake
OT  - Microplastics
OT  - Sediments
OT  - Water
OT  - Wetlands
EDAT- 2022/06/18 06:00
MHDA- 2022/06/22 06:00
CRDT- 2022/06/17 11:15
PHST- 2021/08/20 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/05/28 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/06/17 11:15 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/06/18 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/06/22 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1007/s10661-022-10171-z [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s10661-022-10171-z [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Environ Monit Assess. 2022 Jun 17;194(7):511. doi: 10.1007/s10661-022-10171-z.