PMID- 35715792 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20220621 LR - 20220716 IS - 1471-2458 (Electronic) IS - 1471-2458 (Linking) VI - 22 IP - 1 DP - 2022 Jun 17 TI - Effect of age and sex on the associations between potential modifiable risk factors and both type 2 diabetes and impaired fasting glycaemia among West African adults. PG - 1211 LID - 10.1186/s12889-022-13588-w [doi] LID - 1211 AB - BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is becoming one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, including among Africans. Knowledge of the association between traditional risk factors and both diabetes and pre-diabetes, and whether these differ by age and sex, is important for designing targeted interventions. However, little is known about these associations for African populations. METHODS: The study used data from WHO STEPS surveys, comprising 15,520 participants (6,774 men and 8,746 women) aged 25-64 years, from 5 different West African countries, namely Burkina Faso (4,711), Benin (3,816), Mali (1,772), Liberia (2,594), and Ghana (2,662). T-test and chi-square tests were used to compare differences in the prevalence of traditional risk factors for both sexes. Multinomial logistic regression was conducted to ascertain the relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for both T2DM and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) relating to each risk factor, including obesity [defined by BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR)], high blood pressure (HBP), fruit and vegetable consumption, physical inactivity, alcohol consumption, and smoking. Models for each of these traditional risk factors and interactions with age and sex were fitted. RESULTS: Factors associated with T2DM and IFG were age, obesity [defined by BMI, WC, WHtR, and WHR], HBP, smoking, physical inactivity, and fruit and vegetable consumption (p < 0.05). Analysis of interaction effects showed few significant differences in associations between risk factors and T2DM according to age or sex. Significant interaction with age was observed for HBP*age and T2DM [RR; 1.20, 95% CI: (1.01, 1.42)) (p = 0.04)], WHtR*age and T2DM [RR; 1.23, 95% CI: (1.06, 1.44) (p = 0.007)] and WHR*age and IFG [RR: 0.79, 95% CI: (0.67, 0.94) (p = 0.006)]. Some interactions with age and sex were observed for the association of alcohol consumption and both IFG and T2DM, but no clear patterns were observed. CONCLUSION: The study found that with very few exceptions, associations between traditional risk factors examined and both IFG and T2DM did not vary by age or sex among the West African population. Policies and public health intervention strategies for the prevention of T2DM and IFG should target adults of any age or sex in West Africa. CI - (c) 2022. The Author(s). FAU - Issaka, Ayuba AU - Issaka A AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1022-3633 AD - School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia. aissaka@deakin.edu.au. AD - Alfred Deakin Institute for Citizenship and Globalisation, Faculty of Arts and Education, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia. aissaka@deakin.edu.au. AD - Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia. aissaka@deakin.edu.au. FAU - Cameron, Adrian J AU - Cameron AJ AD - School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia. FAU - Paradies, Yin AU - Paradies Y AD - Alfred Deakin Institute for Citizenship and Globalisation, Faculty of Arts and Education, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia. FAU - Bosu, William K AU - Bosu WK AD - West Africa Health Organization, 01 BP 153, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. FAU - Houehanou, Yessito Corine N AU - Houehanou YCN AD - National School of Senior Technicians Training in Public Health and Epidemiological Surveillance, University of Parakou, Postal Box 122, Parakou, Benin. FAU - Kiwallo, Jean B AU - Kiwallo JB AD - Directorate of Population Health Protection (DPSP) of the Burkina Faso, Ministry of Health, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. FAU - Wesseh, Chea S AU - Wesseh CS AD - Ministry of Health, Republic of Liberia. Congo Town, Monrovia, Liberia. FAU - Houinato, Dismand S AU - Houinato DS AD - Laboratory of Epidemiology of Chronic and Neurological Diseases (LEMACEN), Faculty of Health Sciences: 01 Postal, University of Abomey Calavi, Box 188, Cotonou, Benin. FAU - Nazoum, Diarra J P AU - Nazoum DJP AD - Former Head of Noncommunicable Diseases, National Directorate of Health, Ministry of Health and Public Hygiene, Bomako, Mali. FAU - Stevenson, Christopher AU - Stevenson C AD - School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20220617 PL - England TA - BMC Public Health JT - BMC public health JID - 100968562 SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Body Mass Index MH - Burkina Faso MH - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/etiology MH - Fasting MH - Female MH - Humans MH - *Hypertension/complications MH - Male MH - Obesity/complications MH - *Prediabetic State/epidemiology MH - Risk Factors MH - Waist Circumference PMC - PMC9206253 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Age difference OT - Associations OT - IFG OT - Risk factors OT - Sex difference OT - T2DM OT - West Africa COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2022/06/18 06:00 MHDA- 2022/06/22 06:00 PMCR- 2022/06/17 CRDT- 2022/06/17 23:41 PHST- 2022/01/20 00:00 [received] PHST- 2022/05/26 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2022/06/17 23:41 [entrez] PHST- 2022/06/18 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/06/22 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2022/06/17 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1186/s12889-022-13588-w [pii] AID - 13588 [pii] AID - 10.1186/s12889-022-13588-w [doi] PST - epublish SO - BMC Public Health. 2022 Jun 17;22(1):1211. doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-13588-w.