PMID- 35729767
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20220701
LR  - 20220907
IS  - 1477-030X (Electronic)
IS  - 0269-2163 (Print)
IS  - 0269-2163 (Linking)
VI  - 36
IP  - 7
DP  - 2022 Jul
TI  - Exploring the prevalence, impact and experience of cardiac cachexia in patients 
      with advanced heart failure and their caregivers: A sequential phased study.
PG  - 1118-1128
LID - 10.1177/02692163221101748 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Cardiac Cachexia is a wasting syndrome that has a significant impact 
      on patient mortality and quality of life world-wide, although it is poorly 
      understood in clinical practice. AIM: Identify the prevalence of cardiac cachexia 
      in patients with advanced New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class and 
      explore its impact on patients and caregivers. DESIGN: An exploratory 
      cross-sectional study. The sequential approach had two phases, with phase 1 
      including 200 patients with NYHA III-IV heart failure assessed for 
      characteristics of cardiac cachexia. Phase 2 focussed on semi-structured 
      interviews with eight cachectic patients and five caregivers to ascertain the 
      impact of the syndrome. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS: Two healthcare trusts within the 
      United Kingdom. RESULTS: Cardiac Cachexia was identified in 30 out of 200 
      participants, giving a prevalence rate of 15%. People with cachexia had a 
      significantly reduced average weight and anthropometric measures (p < 0.05). 
      Furthermore, individuals with cachexia experienced significantly more fatigue, 
      had greater issues with diet and appetite, reduced physical wellbeing and overall 
      reduced quality of life. C-reactive protein was significantly increased, whilst 
      albumin and red blood cell count were significantly decreased in the cachectic 
      group (p < 0.05). From qualitative data, four key themes were identified: (1) 
      'Changed relationship with food and eating', (2) 'Not me in the mirror', (3) 
      'Lack of understanding regarding cachexia' and (4) 'Uncertainty regarding the 
      future'. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiac cachexia has a debilitating effect on patients and 
      caregivers. Future work should focus on establishing a specific definition and 
      clinical pathway to enhance patient and caregiver support.
FAU - Carson, Matthew A
AU  - Carson MA
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2733-939X
AD  - School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
FAU - Reid, Joanne
AU  - Reid J
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5820-862X
AD  - School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
FAU - Hill, Loreena
AU  - Hill L
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5232-0936
AD  - School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
FAU - Dixon, Lana
AU  - Dixon L
AD  - Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK.
FAU - Donnelly, Patrick
AU  - Donnelly P
AD  - Ulster Hospital, South Eastern Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK.
FAU - Slater, Paul
AU  - Slater P
AD  - Institute of Nursing and Health Research, Ulster University, Belfast, UK.
FAU - Hill, Alyson
AU  - Hill A
AD  - Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, Ulster University, Belfast, UK.
FAU - Piper, Susan E
AU  - Piper SE
AD  - Department of Cardiovascular Research, King's College London, James Black Centre, 
      London, UK.
AD  - Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
FAU - McDonagh, Theresa A
AU  - McDonagh TA
AD  - Department of Cardiovascular Research, King's College London, James Black Centre, 
      London, UK.
AD  - Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
FAU - Fitzsimons, Donna
AU  - Fitzsimons D
AD  - School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20220621
PL  - England
TA  - Palliat Med
JT  - Palliative medicine
JID - 8704926
SB  - IM
MH  - *Cachexia/epidemiology/etiology
MH  - Caregivers
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - *Heart Failure/complications
MH  - Humans
MH  - Prevalence
MH  - Quality of Life
PMC - PMC9248000
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Cachexia
OT  - caregiver
OT  - heart failure
OT  - prevalence
OT  - qualitative
OT  - quantitative
OT  - sequential phased
COIS- Declaration of conflicting interests: The author(s) declared no potential 
      conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or 
      publication of this article.
EDAT- 2022/06/23 06:00
MHDA- 2022/07/02 06:00
PMCR- 2022/07/01
CRDT- 2022/06/22 00:33
PHST- 2022/06/23 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/07/02 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/06/22 00:33 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/07/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1177_02692163221101748 [pii]
AID - 10.1177/02692163221101748 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Palliat Med. 2022 Jul;36(7):1118-1128. doi: 10.1177/02692163221101748. Epub 2022 
      Jun 21.